BEHAVIOURIST

• what is the assumption of classical conditioning classical conditioning: this is where learning occurs through the association between a stimulus and response, it deals with unvoluntary behaviours
• who identified this process Pavlov
• what was pavlovs experiment conditioining dogs to salivate at the ring of a bell
• strengths of pavlovs experiment - lab setting, extraneous variables are controlled so u can infer cause and effect
• limitations of pavlovs experiment - low ecological validity, cant generalise to real life, artificial enviroment - tested on animals, humans are more complex cant apply findings
• what is the assumption of operant conditioning this is where learning occurs due to the consequences of behaviour whether it is reinforced or punished, it deals with voluntary behvaiours
• what are the 2 types of reinforcement positive and negative
• positive reinforcement you are rewareded with something pleasent when a certain behaviour is produced, so its more likely for behaviour to be repeated
• negative reinforcement you avoid something unpleasent when a certain behaviour is produced
• punishment used to extinguish unwanted behvaiour, you recieve something unpleasent because of an unwanted behaviour
• law of effect acts that are reinforced are more likely to be repeated, acts that are punished are more likely to be extingiushed
• skinners rats exp? skinner conducted a lab experiment to investigate if rats could be trained to press a lever using operant conditioning
• positive reinforcement of skinners experiment food dispenses each time lever is pressed
• negative reinforcement of skinners the ground was electrocuting the rats and would only stop once the lever is pressed
• strengths of his experiement - lab setting, highly controlled, cause and effect established
• limitations of his experiment - low ecological validity, artficifical enviroment -> artificial behaviour - humans are more complex than rats
• token economy a behaviour managment system in which targeted behaviour is reinforced with tokens (secondary reinforcers)that can later be exchanged for rewards (primary reinforcer) .
• what is token economy used to treat schizophrenia
• why is the behaviourist approach deterministic becasue they believe that everyone are slaves to their enviroment which suggests we have no free will
• what are the two treatments of phobias flooding, systematic desensitisation
• flooding is exposure to the most frightening stimulus immediatly, the person leads to associate the feared stimiulus with a relaxed state
• systematic desensitisation - involves learning relaxation techniques and producing a fear hierachy and gradually working through, ensuring relaxation at each stage