ORIGINS

• psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and behaviour especially those functions affecting behavour in a given context
• what did willhelm wundt do he established the first psychology lab
• what was his aim to describe the mind in a carefully controlled lab setting
• what is introspection breaking up the conscious awareness into three structures, thoughts, images and sensations
• example of introspection participants in a room with a ticking metronome and reporting their thoughts images and sensations which are later analysed
• why was his method scientific he used standardisation which allowed for replication
• why was his method unscientific because he used self report methods which were prone to bias, subjective and unreliable
• science is a means of acquiring knowledge through systematic and objective investigation to discover general laws
• what are the 4 features of science paradigm, empirical method, objectivity and replicibility
• what is a paradigm set of shared assumptions and agreed methods within scientifc discipline
• how does paradigm make psych scientific ensures psych follows the same rigorous methods as traditional science
• what is empirical method scientific approaches that are based on the gathering of evidence through direct observation
• how does empirical method make psych scientific ensures ideas and theories are supported by scientific evidence
• what is objectivity all sources of personal bias are minimised as not to distort or influence the research process
• how does objectivity make psych scientific prevents researcher bias, subjectivity, ensures theories are tested thoroughly
• what is replicibility extent to which scientific procedures can be repeated by other researchers
• 17-19th century - psychology was a branch of philosophy
• 1879 - wundt opened up the first experimental lab
• 1900s - freud developed the unconscious mind and psychoanalysis
• 1913 - watson and skinner developed behaviourism using animal research
• 1950s - rogers and maslow developed humanistic approach
• 1960s - cognitive revolution
• 1960s - bandura proposed combining behaviourism and cognitive ideas
• 1970/80s - advances in tech, revived biological approach
• end of 21st century - cognitive neuroscience
• free will - people can choose their behvaiours and thoughts
• determinism - a persons behaviour is caused by factors beyond their control
• soft determinism - combination of your own choice and influence of other forces
• nature - behaviours are inherited
• nurture - behaviour is a result of your enviroment
• interactionist - both nature and nurture interact to influence behaviour
• reductionism - reducing a whole person into small components, a single explanation
• holism - whole person should be considered
• nomothetic - studies large groups of people and creates laws of behaviour
• idiographic - studies individual in depth
• how does replicability make psych scientific 


  ensures theories can be tested over time in the same manner using standardisation