Geography OCR B paper 1

• Cumbria location

  North west england, just south of the scotland border.
• Cumbria flooding 2015 (3 causes)

  • Heavy rainfall (low pressure weather system)

  • Vegetation (Few trees to intercept rainfall)

  • Saturated ground
• Cumbria flooding (5 effects)

  • 1800 evacuated

  • 1 (reported) death

  • Small businesses permanently closed

  • 43000 homes lost power

  • 46 schools closed
• Cumbria flooding(4 Responses)

  • £400,000 donated by the public

  • 200 military personel came to remove fallen trees

  • 100+ flood warnings

  • Temporary flood barriers (raised embankment)
• The Big Dry 2002-2009 location

  South east and south west australia, in the continent of Oceania
• The Big dry (3 physical causes)

  • Low rainfall in Australia (dry, sinking air)

  • High pressure system

  • El Niño
• The Big Dry (2 human causes)

  • Overpopulation (23 million population, but very little water)

  • Agriculture (increased demand for water - 40% of produce comes from around the Murray River)
• The Big Dry (4 consequences)

  • Water bills rose by 20%

  • Number of dairy farms decreased - farmers selling cattle

  • 10,000 employees in cotton industry affected

  • loss of biodiversity (plants dying)
• The Big Dry (4 responses)

  • Farmers claim $400 weekly from government

  • Water storage tanks minimise waste

  • Car washing banned, showers limited to 4 minutes

  • Recycling grey water from showers, baths, and washing machines
• Nepal Earthquake location

  between India and China, 80km north-west of Nepal's capital Kathmandu in the foot hills of the Himalayas
• Nepal Earthquake (5 Facts)

  • 7.8 magnitude

  • 25th april 2015

  • begun at 11:41 am

  • 8800 dead, 22,000 injured

  • 7.3 magnitude after-shock 2 weeks later (12th may) - 250 deaths

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• Nepal earthquake (2 causes)

  •Pressure built between tectonic plates

  • Nepal is an LIDC (poor infrastructure, lack of education, aseismic buildings inaccessible)
• Nepal Earthquake (4 effects)

  • Avalanche on everest (18 deaths)

  • Loss of tourism (irreplaceable 1000 year old religious building came down)

  • 473,000 homes damaged

  • 90% hospitals damaged
• Nepal Earthquake (2 responses)

  330+ charities involved (food, water, shelter)

  • USD $200 MILLION donated from the Asian Development Bank
• River Wye Location


  The River Wye is the 5th largest river in the UK, stretching 150m long from Plynlimon through england and wales.
• River wye - Upper course (2 landforms)


  • V-shaped valleys (steep gradient formed by erosion)

  • Waterfalls (In Rhayader, one was removed)
• River Wye - Middle course (2 landforms)

  • Floodplains (lateral erosion)

  • Levees (deposition of sediment close to the river during flooding)
• River Wye - Lower course (2 landforms)


  • Meanders (lateral erosion on outside bends)

  • Ox-bow lakes ("neck" of the meander)
• River Wye - Management


  Environment Agency

  • Afforestation

  • Diverting water from rivers to floodplains (reduced flood risk)
• River Wye - Human activity (5 points)

  • Many settlements (Hay-on-Wye, Hereford, etc)

  • Urbanisation

  • Agriculture

  • Tourism

  • Deforestation
• Crocker Range Location


  Crocker Range is a biosphere reserve (as of 2014) located in Malaysia, in the state of sabah on the island of Borneo. It covers 350,585 hectares.
• Crocker Range - Core Area (3 facts)

  • 150,000 hectares

  • 6 permanent plots for ecological monitoring

  • population of 200 people (agricultural means)
• Crocker Range - Buffer Zone (3 facts)

  • 60,000 hectares

  • 52 villages

  • Small-scale agriculture and rubber tree plantations
• Crocker Range -Transition area (4 facts)

  • 146,000 hectares

  • 264 villages

  • Subsistence farming occurs

  • open to tourism but activity is limited
• Union Glacier location


  Union Glacier Camp is a camp setup in the ellsworth range in Antarctica
• Union Glacier - Management (8 points)

  • Main activities are walking and trekking due to low impact

  • All waste carefully contained and moved

  • (optional) decontamination

  • Groups restricted to 20 and all must stay 5m away from wildlife

  • Most equipment used is solar powered

  • Same runway used every time, naturally blue thus easily locateable

  • Non-essentials flown in (e.g. souvenirs)

  • expensive ( approx. £31,000 per person for 5 nights)
• Antarctic Treaty (2 facts)

  • Set up in JUNE 1961

  • 12 countries originally signed, which increased to 52 by 2016
• Antarctic Treaty (6 objectives)

  • Protect antarctic environment and values

  • Ban mineral extraction and mining

  • Tourists/visitors comply with protocol

  • Demilitarise the area

  • No disputes over land (unowned)

  • Establish a nuclear-free zone