Q4 Mod 2 science Test

• carbon based


  Is it often said that life is?
• carbon


  Bonding characteristics of --- result in the formation of a larger variety of compounds.
• The four covalent bonding position of atom


  can give rise to a widediversity of compounds withmany functions, accountingfor the importance of carbon in living things.
• The human body is composed of roughly 30 trillion cells that collectively perform the essential functions of life. The cells can perform these life-sustaining tasks with the help of several organic molecules present in them.
• Biomolecule


  is a molecule that is present in all living organisms. Involved in the maintenance and metabolic process.
• Carbon compound have major involvement in the formation of biomolecules. They covalently bind with other elements to form several other compounds.
• Approximately 10.000 to 100,000 molecules are present in a cell toregulate bodily function.
• 
  

  But the four major types of biomolecules include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
• 1. CHO2
  2. CHNOPS
  3. CH20
  4. DNA AND RNA


  What is the molecular formula of carbohydrates, protein, lipids, nucleic acid,
• Carbohydrates 


  most abundant and widespread organic substances in nature
• Carbohydrates


  essential constituents of all livingthings
• Carbohydrates

  formed by green plants from carbon dioxide and water during the process of photosynthesis
• 1. Monosaccharide
  2. Disaccharide
  3. Polysaccharide 


  Give the three classification of carbohydrates
• From the prefix "mono" which means "one" the monosaccharide is the simplest sugar and the basic subunit of a carbohydrate.
• Monosaccharide


  These compounds are white solids a troom temperature. Because they have polar. hydroxyl (OH) groups in their molecular ures are very soluble in water.
• 
  

  Examples of monosaccharides include glucose also called dextrose, fructose and galactose. The most common monosaccharides are glucose and fructose.
• Monosaccharide

  
• Glucose


  
• Fructose 


  
• Galactose


  
• Disaccharide


  Disaccharide
• Disaccharide


  These are composed of two units of sugars Joined by O-glycosidic bonds.
• Condensation reaction is a reaction In which two molecules or parts of the same molecule
• Most organisms have the capability to combine simple sugar to form a molecule of a double sugar or disaccharide
• Condensation reaction is a reaction in which two molecules or parts of the same molecule combine and involves the removal of a small molecule such as water. This reaction is also called as dehydration synthesis.
• 1. Maltose
  2. Sucrose
  3. Lactose


  What are the three types of disaccharide?
• Maltose 


  Glucose + glucose

  
• Sucrose


  Glucose + fructose

  
• Lactose 


  Glucose + galactose

  
• Polysaccharide


  Polysaccharide
• Polysaccharide


  These consist of more than two sugar monomer units. They are also known as glycans
• Polysaccharide


  Three important polysaccharides. starch, glycogen, and cellulose, are composed of glucose. Starch and glycogen serve as short-term energy stores in plants andanimals, respectively.
• 
  

  Starch has many industrial applications in addition to its importance in human nutrition.It is used in the manufacture of paper, textiles, pharmaceuticals. and biodegradable polymers, and as an additive in foods.
• proteins are made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen. oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
• Protein


  unbranched polymers of amino acid residues
• Protein


  there are about 22 amino acidsthat are involved in the synthesis of proteins according to their location and function
• Amino Acids are classified into three

  categories: essential,

  non-essential, and

  conditional amino acids.
• 1. Histidine
  2. Leucine
  3. Lysine


  Give three essential
• 1. Argininw
  2. Glutamine
  3. Cysteine


  Give three conditional
• 1. Alanine
  2. Asparagine
  3. Aspartic acid


  non essential (3)