AP world unit 3 (1450-1750)

• It was the empires that adopted gunpowder weapons that came out on top
• Shia-Muhammads true successor must be a blood relative
• Sunni Muslims who follow the teachings of Muhammed, Muhammed true successor can be elected
• The ottoman empire is the most significant Islamic empire during this period.
• One of the Ottoman most impressive accomplishments was..?


  The capture of Constantinople
• The ottoman empire was Sunni, whereas the Safavid empire was Shia
• The Ming were han, whereas the Qing were manchu
• Why were the Moroccans able to defeat the Songhai?


  Gunpowder
• What is a land-based empire?

  An empire whose power comes from the extent of its territorial holdings.
• The Ottoman Empire was founded in the 14th century.
• What does it mean when rulers legitimize and consolidate their power?

  Rulers show that they have the right to rule and concentrate power on themselves.
• The ottomans used the devshirme system to staff their imperial bureaucracy.
• Bureaucracy body of govt. officials responsible for administering the empire and ensuring laws are kept.
• From the same bureaucracy system known as the devshrime, What was the name of enslaved boys who became elite soldiers for the Ottomans?


  Janissaries.
• How did Europeans justify their rule?

  Divine right of kings
• How did the Ottomans benefit from tax farming?

  Tax farming ensured a consistent income from bidders and saved them money from not having to pay the tax farmers.
• Legitamize power-Refers to the methods the rulers used to communicate to all their subjects WHO is in charge
• Consolidate power measures a ruler uses to take power from other groups and claim it for him or herself.
• Expanding Empires=Large Bureaucracies
• Mughal rulers were Muslim while most of the South Asian population was Hindu which meant a healthy dose of suspicion toward their Muslim rulers.
• Which of the following was a religion most active in Europe?

  Christianity
• What was the great schism?

  The split between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodoxy.
• Sikhism was a blend between...?

  Hinduism and Islam
• Why were the Ottomans and the Safavids often at war with one another?

  The Ottomans were Sunni and the Safavids with Shia and thus vied to impose their religion on the other.
• The Catholic Reformation and the Council of Trent were a reaction to...?

  Corruption within the Catholic Church and the Protestant Reformation
• Which of the following allowed Luther's 95 Theses to spread through Europe so quickly?

  The printing press.
• Indulgences-a way to gain forgiveness for sins
• Ottoman Empire is Sunni. Safavid Empire is Shia.
• How was the Aztec empire different from many empires in Afro-Eurasia?


  They relied on the tribute system, rather than a complex bureacracy.
• What was the downfall of the qing dynasty?


  The British forced China to become more open with their economy, the Chinese did not like that. The British sneakily went around China and sold an illegal drug (opium) to Chinese merchants. The Qing dynasty didn't like this, therefore the opium wars began. There was a total of 3 opium wars and China lost pretty badly. After this loss, china was forced to sign an agreement of "unequal treaties"