Sexual reproduction - involves two separate parents that belong to the opposite sex.
Sexual reproduction - Both plants and animals exhibit this kind of reproduction
Flowering plants undergo sexual reproduction.
Flower - is the sexual reproductive organ in plants.
Flowers - often the most attractive structures of a plant.
Flower’s anatomy can be divided into following parts:
Calyx
Corolla
Androecium
Gynoecium
Calyx - green petal-like structures located right above the receptacle called the base of the flower.
Calyx - made up of sepals.
Calyx - their primary task is to safeguard the flower while it is still in the bud process.
Corolla - the name given to the collective colorful petals of the flower.
The petals of various flowers are found in different colors and are often fragrant much of the time.
It is the petals that attract the pollinating agents.
Corolla - is found above the calyx layer.
Androecium - the male reproductive section of a flower.
Androecium - it is made up of a series of stamens.
Each stamen at the top of it consists of a filament and anther.
The anthers are lobed structures that produce the male gamete-containing pollen.
The gynoecium is the female reproductive organ of the flower.
Gynoecium is composed of the ovary, style, and stigma.
The style is a slender filament on top of which lies the stigma that works to retain pollen grains that are transferred.
Once the pollen lands on the stigma, it is moved downward to the ovary via the style.
The ovary is lobed and composed of the female gamete-containing ovules.
The pollen grains and ovules by themselves cannot travel from one place to another.
There are other factors such as wind, water, or animals that enable the pollen grains to travel to reach the stigma of the same or another flower.
In plants, fertilization, which occurs after pollination and germination, is a sexual reproduction process.
Fertilization can be defined as the fusion of the male gametes (pollen) to form a diploid zygote with the female gametes (ovum).
Types of Fertilization
Porogamy
Chalazogamy
Mesogamy
Double Fertilization
Porogamy - it is the common type of fertilization carried out in all angiosperms or flowering plants.
Porogamy - In this type of fertilization, the pollen tube enters the ovule through the micropyle.
Chalazogamy - this type of fertilization is carried out on all Casuarina species of plants.
Chalazogamy - in this condition, the pollen tube enters the ovule through the pollen tube.
Mesogamy - this type of fertilization is seen in all Cucurbit plants, such as pumpkin, ridge gourds, bitter gourd and other gourd plants.
Mesogamy - in this type of fertilization, the pollen tube enters the ovule through its middle part or through the integuments of the ovule.
Double fertilization is a fertilization process characterized by the fusion of two male gametes with a female gametophyte.
Double Fertilization - One sperm cell in this process fuses with the egg-producing zygote, and the other fuses to create the endosperm with the two polar nuclei.
Both angiosperm plants undergo a dual process of fertilization.
In human beings, reproduction is by sexual reproduction in which both male and female gametes fertilize to give birth to a zygote that develops into an embryo.
Fertilization takes place within the female's body thus, called internal fertilization.
The penis is the male organ for sexual intercourse and urination.
Semen and urine leave the penis through the urethra.