Boyle's Law

• Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases


  A theory that explains the behavior of gases based on the properties of their individual particles
• The earth is surrounded by the sea of gases called atmosphere which mainly consists of oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases that are important to life
• Gases that exist under normal atmospheric conditions

  • Diatomic molecules (hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and chlorine)
  • Noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and argon)
• Gases


  • Have common properties including volume, pressure, temperature, and amount of gas or number of moles
• Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)


  A simple model of an ideal gas or a theoretical gas where the particles behave consistently and in a predictable manner
• According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory of gases

  • Gases consist of very tiny particles, each of which has mass
  • Gas particles move rapidly in straight lines, travel constantly, and in random directions
  • Gases diffuse rapidly that allows two or more gases to mix readily when combined
  • The forces of attraction (Van der Waals Force) between the particles of gases are negligible because of the wide spaces between them
  • Gas particles collide with each other or with the walls of its container but do not lose their kinetic energy; instead, it is only transferred to the lowerenergy particle and will continue to move
  • All gases have the same average kinetic energy at a given temperature of gas. The average kinetic energy of gas particles is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas
• Boyle's Law


  A gas law that explains the relationship between volume and pressure at constant temperature
• The Kinetic Molecular Theory of gases provides a model to explain behavioral properties of gases
• The four measurable properties of gases such as pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles are related to each other
• If one of these variables is changed, there is a corresponding change in other variables depending on its relationship
• Gas laws are products of various experiments that were done by scientists many years ago
• If the pressure increases, then the volume decreases (and vice versa)
• Boyle’s law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its pressure at constant temperature.
• At constant temperature, if the pressure doubles, the volume halves.
• At constant temperature, if the pressure triples, the volume becomes one-third of its original value.
• At constant temperature, if the pressure quadruples, the volume becomes one-fourth of its original value.