21st exam

• Ecstatic


  Expresses delight
• Melancholic


  Expresses loneliness or emptiness
• Satiric


  Expresses dislike or discontent with something through sarcasm and/or irony
• Exult


  To feel or express great joy or triumph
• Overarching


  Extending or occurring throughout
• Poetry is the most compact form of literature. The ideas, feelings, rhythm, and sound are packed into carefully chosen words.
• Tone


  Ecstatic, melancholic, satiric
• Poem


  • Follows a form
  • Uses figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification) to create an impression
• 3 Types of Poetry

  • Narrative Poetry
  • Lyric Poetry
  • Dramatic Poetry
• Narrative Poetry


  Poems that tell a story
• Narrative Poetry

  • Epic
  • Ballads
• Lyric Poetry


  Poems that express the poet's or the persona's feelings and emotions
• Lyric Poetry


  • Sonnets
  • Psalms
  • Elegies
  • Songs
  • Odes
• A popular Lyric Poet

  • William Shakespeare
• Dramatic Poetry


  Poems that are usually performed onstage, and they can be sung or spoken
• Dramatic Poetry


  • Romeo and Juliet
  • Oedipus the King
• Persona


  A dramatic character who is the speaker in the poem
• Poetry

  • Written in lines
  • Lines are divided into groups called stanzas
• Imagery

  • Visual (sight)
  • Auditory (hearing)
  • Gustatory (taste)
  • Tactile (touch)
  • Olfactory (sense)
• Sound Patterns

  • Rhyme
  • Rhythm
  • Onomatopoeia
  • Alliteration
  • Assonance
• Rhyme

  Repetition of similar or identical sounds at the end of poetic lines
• Rhyme Scheme


  The pattern of the rhyme placed at the end of each line or stanza in a poem
• Most literary works during the precolonial period were passed down by word or mouth. This form of transmission is called oral tradition.
• Conventions of Oral Literature

  • Common experiences of the community as a subject matter
  • Communal authorship
  • Formulaic repetitions
  • Stereotyping of characters
  • Regular rhythmic and musical devices
• E. Arsenio Manuel - a literary scholar notable for his studies on Philippine folk literature, divided Philippine precolonial literature into three, namely the Mythological Age, Heroic Age, and Folktales from all ages.
• Mythological Age


  Period when ancestors told stories about the creation of human beings and the world, natural phenomena, and deities and spirits
• Heroic Age


  Period when characters in stories evolved. Epics became a popular genre.
• Folktales


  Traditional stories that had humans, animals, and even plants as characters. Fictional tales that have been modified through successive retellings before they were finally recorded and written down.
• Baybayin is the writing system used by Filipinos during the precolonial period. This was derived from Kavi, a Javanese (Indonesian) script.
• Courtship


  The activities that occur when people are developing a romantic relationship that could lead to marriage or the period of time when such activities occur
• Deities


  Gods or goddesses
• Imagery


  The language that causes people to imagine pictures in their mind
• Metrical


  Relating to, or arranged in a rhythmic pattern of beats; of or relating to poetic meter
• Sonorous


  Having a sound that is deep, loud, and pleasant
• Poetry is a form of literature that emphasizes rhythm, metrical structure, and the use of imagery and sound patterns.
• This literary form is organized in stanzas, which are groups of consecutive lines in a poem, with each stanza forming a single unit.
• Animism


  A belief that souls or spirits exist in plants, animals, or objects
• Kaluwalhatian


  The term used to refer to the home of ancient Philippine gods and goddesses
• Bathala or Bathalang Maykapal


  The king of the gods in Tagalog myth
• Bathala married a mortal, with which he had three children: Apolaki (god of war and guardian of the sun), Mayari (goddess of the moon), and Tala (goddess of the stars).