Socioemotional Development In Infancy

• Personality


  The relatively consistent blend of emotions, temperament, thought, and behavior that makes a person unique.
• Emotions


  Subjective reactions to experience that are associated with physiological and behavioral changes.
• Primary emotions


  Emotions that are present in humans and other animals and emerge early in life; examples are joy, anger, sadness, fear, and disgust.
• Self-conscious emotions


  Emotions that require self-awareness, especially consciousness and a sense of “me”; examples include jealousy, empathy, & embarrassment.
• Self-awareness


  Realization that one’s existence and functioning are separate from those of other people and things.
• Self-evaluative emotions


  Emotions, such as pride, shame, and guilt, that depend on both self-awareness and knowledge of socially accepted standards of behavior.
• Altruistic behavior


  Activity intended to help another person with no expectation of reward.
• Empathy


  Ability to put oneself in another person’s place and feel what the other person feels.
• Mirror neurons


  Neurons that fire when a person does something or observes someone else doing the same thing.
• Basic cry sound


  Whimper, fretful sound
• Basic cry rhythm 


  Rhythmic, short cry followed by pause
• Basic cry reason


  Mild needs (hunger, tiredness, discomfort)
• Anger cry sound


  Loud, insistent
• Anger cry rhythm 


  Frustrated wails, short cries
• Anger cry reason


  Frustration, annoyance (need not met)
• Pain cry sound


  Most dramatic
• Pain cry rhythm


  Loud shriek, gasps, holding breath
• Pain cry reason


  Physical pain, sudden fright