Ethics

• Ethics or moral philosophy


  A branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior
• Axiology


  The field of ethics along with aesthetic, concern of value , compromise the branch of philosophy
• KARL MARX

  an object's value was the sum of the costs of the labor and resources it took to produce it. The concept that value is subjective suggests that it cannot be consistently measured.
• Example of subjective value


  • A wool coat is worth more than a diamond necklace when it is extremely cold, but less when the temperature is warm
• Ethics


  • Seeks to resolve questions of human morality by defining concepts such as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime
  • Is related to the fields of moral psychology, descriptive ethics, and value theory

  
• Three major areas of study within ethics

  • Meta-ethics
  • Normative ethics
  • Applied ethics
• Meta-ethics


  Concerning the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions, and how their truth values (if any) can be determined

  
• Normative ethics


  Concerning the practical means of determining a moral course of action

  
• Applied ethics


  Concerning what a person is obligated (or permitted) to do in a specific situation or a particular domain of action
• Ethics (etymology)


  The English word ethics is derived from the Ancient Greek word ēthikós, meaning "relating to one's character", which itself comes from the root word êthos meaning "character, moral nature"
• Standard definitions of ethics

  "the science of the ideal human character" or "the science of moral duty"
• Core values that support ethical thinking

  • Nonmaleficence - Do no harm
  • Beneficence - Promote good
  • Justice - Equality and right; fairness
• Examples of distributive justice


  • Workers receiving equal pay for equal work
  • People having access to high quality education and health care
• Moral Temptations


  Decisions about right vs. wrong that are based clearly on the core values that each person possesses. There are three ways of being wrong: 1) Violation of the law, 2) Departure from the truth, 3) Deviation from moral rectitude.
• Ethical Dilemmas


  A type of ethical issue that arises when the available choices and obligations in a specific situation do not allow for an ethical outcome. A choice or action is required but all available alternatives violate an explicit ethical principle or guideline.
• Ethics is a set of concepts and principles that guide us in determining what behavior helps or harms sentient creatures
• Most people confuse ethics with behaving in accordance with social conventions, religious beliefs, the law, and don't treat ethics as a stand-alone concept
• Ethics


  Commonly used interchangeably with 'morality' and sometimes used more narrowly to mean the moral principles of a particular tradition, group or individual
• Moral philosophy addresses the very broad question, "how one should live"
• Ethics can also refer to a common human ability to think about ethical problems that is not particular to philosophy
• Ethics


  A system of moral principles and a branch of philosophy which defines what is good for individuals and society
• Some definitions of ethics

  • Rules of behavior based on ideas about what is morally good and bad
  • A branch of philosophy dealing with what is morally right or wrong
  • The practical science of the morality of human actions
  • The science which lays down the principles of right living
  • A normative and practical science based on reason
  • The study of human conduct from the standpoint of morality
  • The investigation of life (Socrates)
• Ethics is the science and morality of human acts
• Relation of ethics with other sciences

  • Ethics and Logic
  • Ethics and Psychology
  • Ethics and Sociology
  • Ethics and Economics
  • Ethics and Education
  • Ethics and Art
  • Ethics and Politics
  • Ethics and Religion
• 3 MAJOR DIVISIONS OF AXIOLOGY

  •DEONTOLOGY/MORALITY- what is wrong and right, what is good and evil?

  •ETHICS- what is right behavior?

  •AESTHETICS- what is beautiful and ugly?