Test Development

• Process of test development

  conceptualization

  construction

  tryout
• This is use as a basis of testing derived from the norm

  Norm-referenced test
• This test is derived from a certain criteria or variables

  Criterion-referenced testing
• The developer will attempt to determine how to measure a targeted construct

  Pilot work
• Process of setting rules for assigning numbers in measurement


  Scaling
• Age is the basis of scale

  age-based scale
• Scaling when the grade is of the critical interest


  Grade-based scale
• Scaling where the grades will be scaled in 1 to 9

  Stanine scale
• Final score is attained by summing the rating across all the items

  Summative scale
• Test takers are presented with pairs of stimuli and they have to choose and compare it

  Method of paired comparisons
• Scale that judgments of a stimulus in comparison to every other stimulus on the scale

  Comparative scaling
• Stimuli are place in two or more categorical alternatives that differ quantitatively

  Categorical scaling
• Items on range are ranked from weaker to stronger expressions of certain construct

  Guttman scale
• Procedure that involves a graphic mapping of the testtakers response

  Scalogram analysis
• Reserve items that will or not be drawn from the final version of the test

  Item pool
• Format where participants have to select a response from a set of alternative responses

  Selected-response format
• To supply or let the testtakers to create a correct answer

  Constructed-response format
• It has three items: a stem, a correct option, and a distractors


  Multiple-choice format
• Presented with a premises on the left and responses at the right

  Matching item
• Most familiar type of this is the true or false test

  Binary-choice item
• Requires the examinees to complete the sentence

  Completion item (short-answer item)
• Writing a composition


  Essay item
• Large and accessible collection of test questions


  Item bank
• Computer administered testtaking process

  Computerized adaptive testing
• Utility of the assessment tool for distinguishing testtakers at the low end of what is being measured

  Floor effect
• Utility of the assessment tool for distinguishing testtakers at the high end of what is being measured


  Ceiling effect
• Computer's ability to tailor the content and order of presentation of the test item on the basis of responses to previous items


  Item branching
• Test scores will be sorted based on a particular class or category

  Class scoring
• Comparing the score on one scale within a test to another scale within the same test

  Ipsative scoring
• Types of statistical scrutiny a test can undergo

  Item analysis
• For items with one correct alternative worth a single point, the item difficulty is simply the percentage of students who answer an item correctly


  Item-difficulty index
• This index provides an indication of the internal consistency of a test


  Item-reliability index
• Statistical tool that is use to measure if a test is valid


  Factor analysis
• Statistic designed to provide an indication if the test is measuring what it purports to measure


  Item-validity index
• It measures the difference between the high and low scorers on a test


  Item-discrimination index
• Graphic representation of the item difficulty and discrimination. The steeper the slope, the greater the item discrimination. 


  Item-characteristic curve
• An item that favors one group of examinees in relation in group ability controlled

  Biased test item
• Nonstatistical procedures designed to explore how individual items work

  Qualitative item analysis
• Research tool that is use to allow the testtakers to verbalize their thoughts


  Think aloud test administration
• Items are examine for fairness to all prospective testtakers and for the presence of bad situations


  Sensitivity review