UCSP 4TH

• Family


  The basic unit of society and the basic building block of our society that is made up of individuals who are linked together by marriage, blood, relation, or adoption
• Kinship


  The web of social relationships that form an essential part of the lives of most humans in most societies
• Marriage


  An important institutional element of family, a legally or formally recognized union of two people as partners in a personal relationship
• Descent


  The origin or background of a person in terms of family or nationality. It is a biological relationship
• Nuclear Family


  • A family structure based on internal organization or membership that is made up of people who are united by social ties which is usually composed of the parents and their children
• Extended Family


  • A family that is composed of two or more nuclear families, economically and socially related to each other, it includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, or other relatives
• Conjugal Family


  • Composed of a husband-and-wife unit. A good example is a newlywed couple
• Patriarchal Family


  • A type of family where authority is vested in the eldest male in the family
• Egalitarian Family


  • A type of family in which both the husband and the wife exercise a more or less equal amount or degree of authority
• Matriarchal Family


  • A type of family in which the authority is vested in the mother or the mother's kin. This may be found in societies where the mother dominates the households
• Matricentric Family


  • Prolonged absence of the father gives the mother a dominant position in the family, although the father may also share the mother in decision-making
• Patrilocal Family


  • The married couple lives either with the husband's parents or in the community of the husband
• Matrilocal Family


  • A family in which the newlyweds live with the parents of the wife or in the community of the wife
• Bilocal Family


  • The married couple who come from the same community establish their residence in the same community
• Neolocal Family


  • A family in which the newlyweds have their own home at once
• Avunlocal Family


  • The couple moves to live with the husband's mother's brother. They live with the most significant man, his uncle because it's who they will later inherit everything from
• Gemeinschaft


  A community of individuals with close personal and family ties
• Gesellschaft


  "Public life" in contrast, members are guided by "rational will" characterized by forethought and deliberation
• Primary Group


  Initial groups that a person joins and they provide him/her with experiences in social relations
• Secondary Group


  Involves a reaction to only part of an individual's personality
• In Group


  The individual identifies and gives them a sense of belonging, solidarity, camaraderie, and a protective attitude toward other members
• Out Group


  Viewed as the outsiders by the in-group
• Reference Group


  Groups that are significant to us as models even though we may not be a part of the group
• Stereotypes


  The group-shared image of another group. They can be positive or negative or a combination of both. Stereotypes are never totally fictitious for they must bear some resemblance to the characteristics of the persons stereotyped or they would be recognized
• Collective Group


  Composed of clusters of people who share some kind of beliefs that prepare them for action, instinctively forming a temporary or short-lived group
• Aggregate Group


  A number of persons who come together without interacting with each other
• Political Dynasty


  Families whose members are involved in politics and have been part of the government for several generations
• Bands


  • A sociopolitical organization that is usually a very small, often nomadic group that is connected by family ties and is politically independent. Leadership is informal, and decisions are made by consensus
• Tribes


  • More complex than a band, commonly has village headmen who perform leadership roles, but these individuals have relatively limited authority and there is no centralized authority
• Chiefdoms


  • Similar to bands and tribes in being mostly classless societies. Chiefdom differ in having a more or less permanent, full-time leader with real authority to make major decisions for their societies
• Political Alliance


  An agreement for cooperation between different political parties on a common political agenda
• Traditional Authority


  • This type of authority is legitimated by the sanctity of tradition. The right to rule is often passed down through heredity. Leaders such as kings, tribal chiefs, or patriarchs exercise power based on the traditional acceptance of their authority
• Legal-Rational Authority


  • This form of authority is based on a system of well-established laws and procedures. Power is vested in the office, not the individual, and leaders exercise authority by virtue of the legal roles they occupy
• Charismatic Authority


  • This type of authority arises from the personal appeal and extraordinary leadership qualities of an individual. Followers are drawn to the leader's charisma and are likely to obey and support them based on personal loyalty
• Constitutional Laws


  Formalized norms that emerge in the constitution, the written plan of any government. The constitution describes the broad duties of the government as well as the right and responsibilities of every citizen
• Statutory Law


  Laws that have been enacted by a legislative body of the government like Congress, and City Councils