Bioenergetics - T4

Cards (20)

  • photosynthesis equation
    water + carbon dioxide ------> glucose + oxygen
    6CO2 + 6H2O ------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
  • is photosynthesis exo or endothermic
    endothermic (takes in light energy)
  • what four factors affect the rate of photosynthesis
    -CO2 concentration
    -light intensity
    -temperature
    -chlorophyll concentration
  • graph of how co2 conc affects photosynthesis

    levels off when there is another limiting factor
  • graph of how light intensity affects rate of photosynthesis

    levels off when there is another limiting factor
  • graph of how temperature affects rate of photosynthesis

    increases until optimum temp
    enzymes denature so no photosynthesis
  • what is the inverse square law
    the light intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source

    light intensity = 1/distance^2
  • what are these factors important in
    enhancing greenhouse conditions to gain max rate while still maintaining profit
  • uses of glucose from photosynthesis:
    - used for respiration
    - converted into insoluble starch for storage
    - used to produce lipids for storage
    - used to produce cellulose, which strengthens the cell wall
    - used to produce amino acids for protein synthesis
    - to produce proteins, plants also use nitrate ions that are absorbed from the soil
  • respiration
    continually occurring exothermic reaction that supplies the energy for all living processes
  • aerobic respiration
    glucose +oxygen-> carbon dioxide + water
  • anaerobic respiration
    glucose -> lactic acid

    LESS ENERGY due to the incomplete oxidation of glucose
  • plant / yeast respiration
    glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide

    fermentation
    -> economic importance in manufacture of bread and alcohol
  • what is respiration needed for
    movement
    warmth
    chemical reactions to build larger molecules
  • what does exercise cause
    inc HR, BR, breathing volume
    -> supply more oxygenated blood

    if insufficient, anaerobic respiration will take place
  • effects of anaerobic respiration
    long period of vigorous activity cause muscles to fatigue and stop contracting effectively
    -> lactic acid build up causes O2 debt
  • what is oxygen debt
    amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells
  • how is lactic acid removed
    blood transports from muscles to liver, where it is converted to glucose
  • what is metabolism
    sum of all chemical reactions in the body-> energy from respiration used for the continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules
  • metabolism reactions includes:
    - glucose into starch, glycogen or cellulose
    - formation of lipids from fatty acids and glycerol
    -formation of amino acids from glucose and nitrate ions
    -respiration
    -breakdown of excess proteins into urea