ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGIES

• Anatomy


  The scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body
• Anatomy


  Means to dissect, or cut apart and separate, the parts of the body for study
• Systematic Anatomy


  • The study of the body by systems, such as the cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems
• Regional Anatomy


  • The study of the organization of the body by areas, where within each region, such as the head, abdomen, or arm, all systems are studied simultaneously
• Planes


  Imaginary flat surfaces passing through the body to discuss it in reference to
• Sagittal Plane


  • Runs vertically through the body and separates it into right and left parts
  • A median plane is a sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body, dividing it into equal right and left halves
• Transverse Plane, or Horizontal Plane


  • Runs parallel to the surface of the ground, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
• Frontal Plane, or Coronal Plane


  • Runs parallel to the surface of the ground, dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts
• Oblique Plane


  • Runs in different angular levels
• Cavities


  The trunk contains three large cavities that do not open to the outside of the body: the thoracic cavity, the abdominal cavity, and the pelvic cavity
• Thoracic Cavity


  • Is surrounded by the rib cage and is separated from the abdominal cavity by the muscular diaphragm
• Mediastinum


  • A partition containing the heart, the thymus, the trachea, the esophagus, and other structures. The two lungs are located on each side of the mediastinum
• Abdominal Cavity


  • Is bounded primarily by the abdominal muscles and contains the stomach, the intestines, the liver, the spleen, the pancreas, and the kidneys
• Pelvic Cavity


  • Is a small space enclosed by the bones of the pelvis and contains the urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, and the internal reproductive organs
• Requirements of the field anatomy

  • Naming of the body parts/structure
  • Proper dissection (minimize damage, best possible area to observe the organ)
• Anatomical terminologies


  Standard terms used when dissecting a human body
• Planes


  Imaginary mirror that dissects the body
• Sagittal plane


  • Divides the body into left and right (midsagittal and parasagittal)
• Midsagittal


  • Umbilical cord
  • Humans are bilateral
• Parasagittal


  • Not equal
  • Heart (pointing towards the left part of the body), starts with the center, most intense beat is on the left
  • Collarbone, hole, top portion of the heart
  • Landmark organ is the midsagittal plane
  • Left side of the body (direction) mention
• Liver


  • Triangular, big portion right, small portion left
• Coronal plane


  • Separates the face and the body (cheek or under the ears)
  • Ears located at the coronal plane
• Transverse or horizontal plane


  • Separates the upper and lower portion
  • Below the waist
• Oblique plane


  • Happens at an angle
• Planes only use the whole body or big portions of the body, microscopic is different
• Organ only planes

  • Longitudinal (transverse)
  • Sagittal (transverse/cross sectional section)
• Cranial cavity


  • Skull/cranium contains the cranial cavity, does not include the bones of the face, houses the brain
• Thoracic cavity


  • Contains the heart and lungs
  • Thoracic vertebrae do not change position, houses the spinal cord
  • Disease - outside world, disorder within the body
  • Heart is the front, lungs back
  • Constantly moving organs
  • Pericardium/pericardial cavity protects the heart
• Pleural cavity/pleura


  • Houses and covers the lungs
• Great vessels


  • Esophagus
  • Trachea
  • Aorta (arteries)
  • Vena cava (veins)
• Mediastinum/mediastinal cavity


  • The thoracic cavity is protected by the breastbone and ribs, the upper portion has no protection and is easily damaged
• Diaphragm


  • Lower border of the thoracic cavity
• Abdominopelvic cavity


  • Pelvic bone/hipbone separates the abdominal and pelvic cavity
• Pelvic cavity


  • Contains the reproductive and excretory organs
  • Bladder or genitals in front, digestive organs in back