DRRM 4TH QUARTER

• Geological hazards – Process or Phenomenon. Originates from the solid earth-geosphere.
• Landslides - can be triggered by saturation of slope by extreme rainfall, or by vibration caused by earthquakes by human activity.
• Landslides - A downward movement of geological materials such as soil and rock.
• Creep - are generally slow, involve soil, and travel short distances
• Slumps - can involve both soil and rock, travel short distances and vary from slow to very rapid.
• Rockfall and topples - involve rocks, are very to extremely rapid and can travel great distances
• Mudslides - generally involve saturated soils moving at very to extremely rapid velocities and travel great distances.
• Sinkholes - (sinkholes involve land sinking, causing holes) are depressions or openings in the ground surface. Sinkholes naturally occur in areas underlain by soluable carbonate or evaporite rocks like limestone, dolomite, gypsum, and salt.
• Dissolution sinkholes - Aggressive disssolution occurs wherflow is focused in pre-existing openings in the rock ,
• Cover subsidence sinkholes- tend to develop gradually where the covering sediments are permeable and contain sand.
• Cover collapse sinkholes- tend to develop abruptly and cause catastrophic damages. They occur where the coverning sediments contain significant amounts of clay.
• Karst terrain - is a type of topography that is formed by dissolution of bedrock in areas underlain by limestone, dolostone or, as in some western states, gypsum. Such terrain has underground drainage systems that are reflected on the surface as sinkholes, springs, disappearing streams or even caves.
• effect of sickholes - Both, natural and human caused sink holes can pose a great risk to local communities. When sinkholes occur in urban areas they can result in the partial and complete collapse of over ground structures in damages to infrastructure, cause high economic losses, evacuation and displacement of residents and can in some rare cases lead to the loss of lives. When sinkholes occur in nature their impact is more limited to changes in the regional topography, change to local fauna and flora and change the course of sub-surface water ways. 
• Hydor - water Meteoros - sky
• HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARD - Process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature.
• HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARD - Natural process, but involved with the atmosphere and/or hydrosphere.
• PAGASA - Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration 
• typoon - A large powerful and violent tropical cyclone
• thunderstorm - A weather condition that produces lightning, thunder and rain falls.
• flashflood - A sudden descructive rush of water down a narrow gulley or sloping surface due to rainfall.
• flood - An overflowing of a large amount of water beyond its normal confines, especially over what is normally dry land.
• storm surge - The rise of sea water above normal levels along the coast due to the strong winds and atmospheric pressure.
• EL NIÑO - Unsually warm ocean temperatures in the equatorial pacific.
• LA NIÑA -Unusually cold ocean temperature in the equatorial pacific which is causes increased numbers of tropical storms.
• Man made and Technological Hazard - A hazard originating from technological or industrial condition, including accidents, and dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures, or specific human activities.
• fire - Combustion or burning, in which substances combine chemically with oxygen from the air and typically give out bright light, heat, and smoke.
• Fire - is the product from a chemical reaction between oxygen in the atmosphere and some sort of fuel. Oxygen, fuel and heat are needed for fire to occur.
• class A - fuels are ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, plastic, or anything that leaves ash.
• class B - fuels are flammable or combustible liquids like petroleum oil, gasoline, paint, and flammable gasses such as propane and butane. Cooking oils and grease are NOT part of class B fires.
• Class C - fuels are energized electrical fires like motors, transformers, and appliances. Once the power or source of electricity is removed, the fire becomes one of the other classes of fire.
• Class D - fuels are combustible metals like potassium, sodium, aluminum, titanium, and magnesium.
• Class K - fuels are cooking oils, grease such as animal fat and vegetable fats.
• First degree skin is red• “Cool a burn” = Hold burn under running cool tap water
• Second degree – skin is red and blistery• “Cool a burn” and see a doctor if the burn is large or blisters aredamaged.
• Third degree – skin is gray, dry, and with no feeling• Don’t remove clothing from burn area.• Go to emergency room immediately.
• volcanic hazards -Phenomena arising from volcanic activity that pose potential threat to persons or property in a given area within a given period of time.
• lava flows - Stream-like flows of incandescent molten rock erupted from a crater or fissure.
• Lava flows - burying, crushing, covering, burning everything in their path.
• Lavas - can burn. The intense heat of lavas melt and burn. As lava flows are hot and incandescent, areas it covers are burned (forest, built up areas, houses).
• Lavas - can bury. Lavas can bury homes and agricultural areas under meters of hardened rock.