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• The

  genital ridgedevelops _________ to thenephrogenic cordMedial

  --near the midline
• Development of the


  gonadsbegins in the _________5th week
• Indifferent stage


  the first stage of gonadal development(4th-7th weeks),when it is impossible to distinguish b/w male & female gonads"indifferent gonads"
• The


  gonadsbegin as ______________ derived from _______________~ genital ridges~intermediate mesoderm+pt of the adjacentlateral somatic mesoderm(=overlying coelomic epithelium)

  *initially do not contain germ cells
• the


  intermediate mesodermmakes up the ____________ ofindifferent gonad, while thelateral somatic mesodermmakes up the ________________medulla; cortex
• Formation of the gonadal ridge is followed by

  migrationofprimordial germ cellsfrom _________ to form ______~Yolk sac @ midline

  ~ Oogonia & spermatogonia
• the


  primordial germ cellsreachthe genital ridges in the ___________6th week
• epithelium of the


  genital ridgesproliferates,thickens, &penetratestheintermediate mesodermto form structures termed the ______________primitive sex cords
• indifferent gonad


  =primitive sex cord+primordial germ cells
• primitive sex cords


  give rise to _______ in males & ____________ in femalestestis cords (medullary cord)

  2ry cords (cortical cords)
• the


  testesdevelop from ___________medullary (seminiferous) sex cords
• the


  ovariesdevelop from ___________cortical sex cords
• spematogonia


  &oogonia,formed from the the primordial germ cells, eventually become incorporated in ______________testis cords & cortical cords, respectively
• Gene


  for sex determinationSRY Genein theY chromosome, in thesex determining region, codes forTestis Determining Factor (TDF)
• Presence vs absence of


  TDF~Presence->dev. ofseminiferous tubules(spermatogonia separate away from periph. & enter medulla-of testis-)~absence->dev. ofovaries
• male vs female


  characteristicsare determined in the foetus by?presencevsabsenceoftestosterone, respec.
• seminiferous cords


  remainobliterateduntil _______________ where they _______________puberty;they canalise & acquire a lumen, becomingseminiferous tubules
• A portion of the


  testis cordsbranches, connects & breaks offto form the ______rete testis & straight ducts
• Efferent ductules


  originate frommesonephrictubules
• Ductus epididymis


  originates fromprox. pt ofmesonephricducts
• rete testis


  connects w/ ___________eff. ducts15-20
• how does the


  tunica albugineaform?seminiferous cordslose connection w/surface (coelomic) epithelium,the mesenchyme in that separation area hardens & forms CT
• testes


  enlarge & separate from thedorsal abdominal wall, but remain attached via the ________________ from the ______________mesorchium(mesentery-like structure)coelomic epithelium
• mesorchium


  mesentery/peritoneal fold that attaches the testes to the body wall

  ~degenerates later

  
  

  note:

  3 = mesorchium

  4 = visceral layer of tunica vaginalis

  5 = parietal layer of tunica vaginalis

  
• the mesenchyme b/w the


  seminiferous cordsforms _____________interstitial/leydig cells~intermediate mesoderm
• leydig cells


  begin secretingtestosteroneby the ______________ under the influence of ___________ which induces diff of _____________8th week;hCG-mesonephric ducts (int genitalia) & ext genitalia
• sertoli cells


  develop from _______________surface epitheliumof thetestis cords

  (the remaining that didn't break off to form the rete testis)
• sertoli cells


  secrete ____________ at the ___________, which functions to ________________-antimullerian hormone (AMH)- 6-7 week- Suppresses development ofparamesonephric (mullerian) duct
• paramesonephric (mullerian) duct~ longitudinal invagination of mesothelium~ lat to mesonephric duct -hence the name~ Develops into part of thefemale repro. tractbut degenerates in males due to axns of AMH
• female reproductive tract


  : overview of origin--ovaries->cortical sex cordsof genital ridge (intermediate + lateral somatic mesoderm)--fallopian tubes, uterus, upper 1/3 of vagina->paramesonephric (mullerian) duct--lower 2/3rds of the vagina->urogenital sinus
• Primary sex cords


  infemalesgive rise to ______________rete ovarii;which degenerate
• 2ry (cortical) sex cords


  formationabsence of SRY gene->primitive sex cords degenerate & do not form testis cords-> ep of gonads continue to prolif. producing thecortical cords-> germ cells become incorporated in them
• 2ry sex cords


  disconnect & break up into clusters & form ____________ surrounding each _________________primordial follicles- one layer of follicular cells surrounding eachoogonium
• the


  surface (coelomic) epitheliumsurrounding thefolliclesform ________________; which then are separated & ____________ forms in the spacegerminal epithelium(one layer)tunica albuginea
• the


  ovariesseparate from the dorsal abd. wall but remain connected thru ____________mesovarium
• in the


  indifferent stage, two ducts develop in the ______________, these are?5th-6th week

  1-Mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts; imp in♂, disappears in♀2-Paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts; imp in♀, disappears in♂

  both ending @ the cloaca
• the


  mesonephric ductsinmalesgive rise to:1-prox. pt->ductus epididymis2-distal pt->ductus deferens&ejaculatory duct3-lateral outgrowth of the distal pt->seminal vesicles
• the


  rostral ptofparamesonephric ductsinfemalesgive rise to:uterine (fallopian) tubes-funnel shaped, opens into abdomen
• the


  caudal ptofparamesonephric ductsinfemalescross ________ to themesonephric ducts,fuse**& give rise to:anterior-uterovaginal primordium
• uterovaginal primordium


  eventually gives rise to_____________

  theuterusand superior 1/3 vagina.