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Physiology
Crash Course CNS
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Created by
Audrey Byrne
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Cards (22)
Broca's area
A specific area in the
left hemisphere
of the brain that is partly responsible for the ability to produce and process
language
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Broca's aphasia
A condition where a person can understand speech but is unable to produce intelligible words
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Broca's aphasia
Can sometimes be treated by teaching patients to
sing
, because singing uses a different region of the brain
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A lot of what we know about how the
brain
works has come through studying
injuries
to it
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The brain is made up of
super-specific
areas that have
super-specific
functions
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Central nervous system
Consisting of the
brain
and
spinal cord
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Peripheral nervous system
Made up of the
nerves
coming out of the
central nervous system
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Spinal cord
Conducts two-way signals between the brain and the rest of the body, while also governing basic muscle reflexes and patterns
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Cerebrospinal fluid
Allows the
brain
to float somewhat in the
skull
, reducing its weight and letting it slosh around while the head moves
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Development of the
central
nervous system
1.
Neural tube
2.
Prosencephalon
, mesencephalon,
rhombencephalon
3. Telencephalon,
diencephalon
,
metencephalon
, myelencephalon
4. Brainstem, cerebellum,
diencephalon
,
cerebral hemispheres
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Brainstem
Regulates many basic,
vital involuntary
functions like heart rate, breathing, sleep, appetite, and pain sensitivity
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Midbrain
Carries out
higher-level
functions like processing sensory information and sending out
reflexive motor
signals
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Diencephalon
Regulates
homeostasis
, alertness, and reproductive activity, and is part of the limbic system which is a center for
strong emotions
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Telencephalon
Develops into the
cerebrum
, the largest and most complex region of the brain that performs the highest functions
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Cerebral cortex
The
wrinkled
, outer layer of "gray matter" in the
cerebrum
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White matter
The inner
squishy
layer beneath the
cerebral cortex
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Lobes of the cerebrum
Frontal
lobe
Occipital
lobe
Parietal
lobe
Temporal
lobe
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Frontal lobe
Governs muscle control and cognitive functions like planning, concentration, and preventing socially unacceptable behaviors
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Occipital lobe
Processes visual information
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Parietal
lobe
Processes sensations of
touch
,
pain
, and pressure
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Temporal
lobe
Helps sort out
auditory
information, including language, and contains the
hippocampus
and amygdala
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The brain would be pretty useless if it weren't hooked up to the outside world through the
peripheral nervous
system
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