Cohort

Cards (7)

  • Segmentation
    • continuous speech signal
    • boundaries not evident in speech signal
  • Segmenting words - continuously - Shillcock & Tabossi 1990
    • evidence of continuous attempts at word segmentation of speech stream
    • cross-modal priming
    • Priming effect caused by temporary segmentation error
    • No report of perception of word ‘Nudist’ in prime
    • Evidence of continuous segmentation attempts
  • Cohort model - Marslen-Wilson & Welsh 1978
    • ACCESS stage - hear word = form set (cohort) of potential word matching sounds
    • SELECTION stage - more sounds = cohort narrowed down until only correct word remains
    • INTERGRATION stage - semantic & syntactic properies utilized
  • Cohort model - suggests
    • word recognition = dynamic process
    • involving continuous activation & elimination of potential word candidates based on incoming speech information
  • Problems with cohort
    • Not robust to distortion of initial phonemes
    • Ganong effect for initial & non-initial phonemes
  • Problems with Cohort - Lexical decision latencies
    • proportional to frequency-weighted neighborhood size, not merely to cohort size
    • = depends on how similar words are not just how many start similarly
    • Marslen-Wilson - auditory lexical decision task with word pairs with matched uniqueness points 
  • Problems with cohort - segmentation
    • requires accurate segmentation (identifying the onset of a word) before word identification can start
    • Errors in segmentation can hinder word recognition