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Language
Lecture 2
Cohort
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Cards (7)
Segmentation
continuous
speech signal
boundaries
not
evident
in speech signal
Segmenting words - continuously - Shillcock & Tabossi 1990
evidence of
continuous
attempts
at word segmentation of speech stream
cross-modal
priming
Priming
effect caused by
temporary
segmentation
error
No report of
perception
of word
‘Nudist’
in prime
Evidence
of continuous segmentation attempts
Cohort model - Marslen-Wilson & Welsh 1978
ACCESS
stage -
hear
word = form
set
(cohort) of potential word
matching
sounds
SELECTION
stage -
more
sounds = cohort
narrowed
down until only correct word remains
INTERGRATION
stage -
semantic
&
syntactic
properies utilized
Cohort model - suggests
word recognition =
dynamic
process
involving
continuous
activation &
elimination
of potential word candidates based on
incoming
speech
information
Problems with cohort
Not
robust
to
distortion
of initial phonemes
Ganong
effect for initial & non-initial phonemes
Problems with Cohort - Lexical decision
latencies
proportional
to frequency-weighted
neighborhood
size, not merely to cohort size
= depends on how
similar
words are not just how many
start
similarly
Marslen-Wilson
- auditory lexical decision task with word
pairs
with
matched
uniqueness points
Problems with cohort - segmentation
requires
accurate
segmentation (identifying the
onset
of a word) before word identification can
start
Errors
in segmentation can
hinder
word recognition