Communicative Strategies

• Nomination: This strategy is used to open a conversation.
• A speaker carries out nomination to establish a topic with the person whom he/she is talking to. 
• Restriction: This pertains to any limitation you may use as a speaker.
• In restriction, as a speaker, you may discuss only what is related to the topic. 
• Turn-Taking: refers to the process in which people decide who take the conversational floor.
• The primary goal of turn-taking is to give everyone a chance to speak. 
• Topic Control: covers how procedural or informality affects the development of topic conversation.
• Topic control is more restricted unlike a casual conversation with a friend in a street wherein you may take the conversational floor anytime.
• When a topic is initiated, should be developed by avoiding unnecessary interruptions and topic shift.
• You may involve yourself in conversation without dominating the conversation by using minimal responses like “Yes,” “Okay,” “Go on,” and asking tag questions like, “You are excited, aren’t you?” 
• Topic Shifting: Involves moving from one topic to another.
•  Topic shifting is where one part of the conversation ends and another begins.
• “By the way,” “In addition to what you have said,” “Which remind me of” and the like are transition signals that can be used in topic shifting.
• Repair: This pertains on how the speaker addresses the problems in speaking, listening, and comprehending in a conversation. 
• Termination: refers to close-initiating of the participants in the conversation.
• The topic initiator takes responsibility to signal the end of the discussion.
• The speaker may say “Good bye.”, “Thank you” and the like to terminate the conversation.