Testing

• What is frontal plane

  frontal plane is divided into the front and back (anterior and posterior)
• What is Transverse Plane

  Transverse plane is divided top to bottom (superior and inferior)
• What is sagittal plane

  sagittal plane is divided into left to right. if equal mid-sagittal and unequal parasagittal
• whats inferior

  towards the feet
• whats superior

  towards the head
• whats posterior

  towards the back
• whats anterior

  towards the front
• whats lateral

  away from the midline of the body
• whats medial

  towards the midline
• proximal


  towards the top of the extremity (limb)
• distal


  towards the bottom of the extremity (the limb)
• supine


  lying face upwards
• prone


  lying face downwards
• what does the skeletal system consist of?

   bone tissue, bone marrow, cartilage and

  periosteum (membrane around the bones
• periosteum


  membrane around the bone
• the skeletal system consists of:

  bone marrow, bone tissue, cartilage and, periosteum
• functions of skeletal system

  1.Support (Provides support to muscles)

  2. Protection of internal organs

  3. Movement

  4. Blood cell production (occurs in bone marrow)

  5. Mineral storage (calcium and phosphurus)
• diaphysis

  long shaft portion of the bone covered by periosteum
• epiphysis

  end of the bone
• articular cartilage

  thin layer of cartilage covering the epiphysis
• medullary

  space within the diaphysis that contains the bone marrow
• Flat bone

  Flat bone appears to have a flat surface (e.g. sternum and scapula)

  - Larger surface area

  - Protect vital organs
• short bones

  short bones are cubed e.g.(carpals & tarsals)

  Found in hands, feet and wrist
• Irregular bone


  Unusually shaped bones that do not fit into othercategories, e.g. vertebrae or mandibleEg -pelvis, teeth, jaw

  -Very strong
• Sesamoid bone


  Found around the tendons, e.g. patella

  is small and round
• Axial Skeleton 


  Forms the long axis of the body (cranium, vertebrae, ribs,

  sternum)
• Appendicular skeleton 


  Bones of the pectoral girdle (shoulder), upper and

  lower body and the bones of the pelvic girdle (hip)
• Whats Vertebral Column


  protects the spinal cord that consists of the 24 movables vertebrae and 9 fused bones in 5 groupings
• 5 groupings of Vertebral Column


  
-7 Cervical vertebrae in neck region (connect to bones)

  -12 thoracic vertebrae in chest region (sternum BREASTBONE and ribs 24 RIBS/12 PAIRS)

  -5 lumbar vertebrae to support lower back

  -5 sacral vertebrae which is fused into one bone SACRAM

  -4 coccygeal vertebrae which is fused into one bone COCCYX (tailbone located)
• Intervertebral Discs


  Between the vertebrae from cervical to sacrum are INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS. DIscs that form strong joints, permit movement and, absorbs vertical shock.
• whats Joint action


  a junction of two or more bones

  allow weakest part of body to move
• Fibrous joint


  A joint where no movement is possible and no joint cavity. e.g. stitches between the bones of the cranium.
• pubic symphysis

  a joint sandwiched between your left pelvic bone and your right pelvic bone
• Cartilaginous Joint


  Is a joint that permits limited movement e.g. intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis
• Synovial Joint


  is a joint with a joint cavity, that allows maximum movement. Most joints in the body are synovial. e.g. shoulder and hip joint
• Ligaments


  Ligaments are fibrous bands that connect bones to bones. These maintain stability in the joint by restraining excessive movement. e.g knees
• Tendons


  Tendons are inelastic cords that attach muscles to bones. These further strengthen the joint that allows the joint to move. e.g. patella
• Synovial Fluid


  is a lubricant that keeps the joints moist and nourishes the cartilage to enable the easy movement e.g. healthy knees
• Fibrous Capsule


  Encloses the bones, tissues and fluid
• pivot joint


  allows the rotation of one bone around another. e.g. top of neck shaking to say 'no'