Cell biology and microscopy

• what type of cell is eukaryotic? 


  Animal cell
• what type of cell is prokaryotic?

  bacteria cell
• Name all sub cellular structures in an animal cell:

  •ribosome

  •mitochondria

  •cell membrane

  • cytoplasm

  •nucleus

  
• Name all sub cellular structures in a plant cell:

  •cell membrane

  •ribosomes

  •cytoplasm

  •mitochondria

  • chloroplast

  •permanent vacuole

  
• What is a cell?

  basic building block of life
• What does It mean when multi molecular organisms have a specific function?


  the cell is specialised
• What is a tissue? 


  When groups of similar cells work together for a particular function
• What is an organ? 


  Groups of tissues working together to perform a particular job
• What are unspecialised cells known as?

  Stem cells
• what is the purpose of differentiation

  to repair and replace cells
• How do plant cells retain the ability to specialise? 


  through their life span
• What two main sources do stem cells come from? 


  1: embryonic stem cells

  2: Adult stem cells * bone marrow
• what are the 3 types of specialised animal cells?


  sperm

  muscle

  nerve cells
• What is the function and adaptation of a nerve cell? 


  Function: electrical signal transfer

  adaptation: they have a long axon

  
• what is the function and adaptation of a sperm cell?


  function: move to an egg to transfer genetic info

  adaptation: tail Helps movement it also contains mitochondria to release energy

  
• What is the function and adaptation of a muscle Cell?


  Function: move (contract)

  adaptation: contain a high number of mitochondria to provide energy for relaxation and contraction
• What are the 3 specialised plant cells?

  Root hair cell

  xylem

  phloem
• What is the function and adaptation of a root hair cell? 


  Function: absorb water and minerals from the soil

  adaptation: large SA and thin cell membrane

  
• What is the function and adaptation of a xylem?

  Function: allows water and minerals to flow up plant

  adaptation: hollow tube containing lignin for strength

  
• What is the function and adaptation of phloem? 


  Function: all air the flow Of dissolved sugars

  adaptation: they have companion cells to provide energy

  
• To focus light microscope:

  •start on lowest magnification

  • wind stage to the top

  • turn coarse focus until image is no longer blurry

  • use fine focus to make image clearer
• Preparing animal cell slide:

  1: take swab of check cells + rub them onto the slide

  2: add blue stain rhen add cover slip

  3: add cover slip and place on the stage
• Preparing a plant cell slide:

  1: think layer of onion

  2: stain with iodine solution

  3: add cover slip
• To work out the magnification…

  image size

  ________ = magnification

  actual size