MIL

• "The medium is the message"


  Marshall McLuhan, 1964
• Medium may be affected how messages are received, the users'/audiences' own background/experience may have also affect the interpretation of messages
• Each medium has its own 'language' or 'grammar' that works to convey meaning in a unique way. 'Language' in this sense means the technical and symbolic ingredients or codes and conventions that media and information professionals may select and use in an effort to communicate ideas, information and knowledge
• GENRE, CODE, AND CONVENTIONS

  All media messages are constructed using a particular set of codes and conventions.
• GENRE


  It is a French word which means "Kind" or "Class". The original Latin word is "genus" and mean class of things that can be broken down into subcategories.
• The primary genres that media creators and producers invoke

  • entertainment
  • news
  • information
  • education
  • advertising
• News


  • These are stories that have critical importance to community and national life. News stories are also told following the basic structure of beginning, middle and end
  • Journalists, people trained to report news to an audience, are expected to be objective, comprehensive and bias-free. They work for newspaper, radio stations, televisions, and lately, online or web-based news services
• Major Division for News stories

  • Hard or straight news
  • Feature
  • Soft News
  • Investigative News
  • Opinion
• Entertainment


  It is derived from the French word "entretenir" which means "to hold the attention, keep busy, or amused
• Comprehensive movie genres list

  • Action movies
  • Adventure movies
  • Comedy films
  • Drama
  • Horror film
  • Romance movies
  • Thriller movies
  • War/Conflict movies
• CODES


  These are system of signs that when put together create meaning
• Type of Codes

  • Technical Codes
  • Symbolic Codes
  • Written Codes
• Technical Codes


  The way in which equipment is used to tell the story (camera techniques, framing, depth of fields, lighting and etc.)
• Symbolic Codes


  It shows what is beneath the surface of what we see (objects, setting, body language, clothing, color, etc.)
• Written Codes


  These are the formal written language used in a media product. It can be used to advance a narrative, communicate information about a character or issues and themes. It includes printed language which is text you can see within the frame and how it is presented, and also spoken language, which includes dialogue and song lyrics
• CONVENTIONS


  These are the accepted ways of using media codes. These are closely connected to the audience expectations of a media product
• Type of Conventions

  • Form Conventions
  • Story Conventions
  • Genre Conventions
• Form Conventions


  These are the certain ways we expect types of media's codes to be arranged. For instance, an audience expects to have a title of the film at the beginning, and then credits at the end. Newspapers will have a masthead, the most important news on the front page and sports news on the back page. Video games usually start with a tutorial to explain the mechanics of how the game works
• Story Conventions


  These are common narrative structures and understandings that are common in story telling media products. Examples of story conventions include: Narrative structures, Cause and effect, Character construction, Point of View
• Genre Conventions


  It points to the common use of tropes, characters, settings or themes in a particular type of medium. Genre conventions are closely linked with audience expectations. Genre conventions can be formal or thematic
• The media and information age, especially the Internet, gave tons of people access to tools for communication and media creation but also opened up many legal loopholes and ethical challenges
• Intellectual Property (IP)


  Refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works designs and symbols, names and images used in commerce
• Copyright


  A legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work the sole right to publish and sell that work.
• Plagiarism


  An act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another author without authorization; the representation of that author's work as one's own, as by not crediting the original author
• Types of Plagiarism (Sources Not Cited)

  • The Ghost Writer
  • The Photocopy
  • The Potluck Paper
  • The Poor Disguise
  • The Labor of Laziness
  • The Self-Stealer
• Types of Plagiarism (Sources Not Cited, BUT STILL PLAGIARIZED)

  • The Forgotten Footnote
  • The Misinformer
  • The Too-Perfect Paraphrase
  • The Resourceful Citer
  • The Perfect Crime
• Fair Use


  Means you can use copyrighted materials without license only for certain purposes, including commentary, criticism, reporting, research, and teaching
• Guidelines for Fair Use

  • A Majority of the content you create must be your own
  • Give credit to the copyright holder
  • Don't make money off of the copyrighted work
• Digital citizenship


  Refers to having the appropriate knowledge and skills to effectively use digital technologies to communicate with others, participate in society and create and consume digital content
• Responsible digital citizenship is essential, especially now in the face of a technology-saturated world, to helping media and information consumers achieve and understand digital literacy, as well as ensuring cyberbully prevention, online safety, digital responsibility, and digital health & wellness
• Netiquette


  A set of socially constructed rules and norms for behaving and communicating responsibly in an online environment. It is the etiquette of cyberspace
• The Core Rules of Netiquette

  • Remember the human
  • Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life
  • Know where you are in cyberspace
  • Respect other people's time and bandwidth
  • Make yourself look good online
  • Share expert knowledge
  • Help keep flame wars under control
  • Respect other people's privacy
• Rule 1: Remember the human


  The rise of technology has both connected people who couldn't otherwise meet and created a barrier to personal interaction. Mediated communication lacks the nuances of face-to-face interaction, leading to a loss of empathy and often crude or offensive behavior online. It's crucial to remember that there's a human being on the other side of the screen, capable of understanding and feeling. Empathy is key to maintaining decency online, reminding us to consider how our words and actions may affect others before we communicate digitally
• Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life


  Good netiquette is derived from the same standards set in real life. While it can be argued that standards of behavior may be different in the virtual world, they certainly should not be any lower. In real life, we are constantly reminded to be respectful to other people, mindful of our words, follow the law, and other societal rules. This holds true for cyberspace etiquette as well. Further, actions have consequences. Whatever is deemed illegal or irresponsible in real life is most probably deemed the same in the online world. While the chances of getting caught or punished may be slim, your accountability and liability for your actions aren't totally erased. Thus, you should do your best to act within the laws and ethical standards in online environment just as you would in real life
• Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace


  The Internet is vast and diverse, resembling uncharted territories with some parts considered dangerous or unexplored. With countless domains and websites, they can be categorized based on content or audience. Interaction norms vary across domains; behavior acceptable in one may be rude in another. Written communication may be appropriate in one context but inappropriate in another. For instance, gossip might be fine in TV discussion groups but frowned upon in journalists' mailing lists. Understanding the norms of different online spaces is crucial, as etiquette varies across platforms
• Rule 4: Respect other people's time and bandwidth


  In today's fast-paced world, time seems to pass quicker due to the multitude of tasks we cram into a single day. With school, work, social commitments, chores, and more, our 24 hours feel insufficient. When engaging online, it's essential to recognize that every message or post consumes someone else's valuable time. People are busy, and frivolous communication can be an unwelcome burden. Therefore, it's crucial to be mindful of others' time and ensure that our online interactions are meaningful and respectful. The word "bandwidth" is sometimes used synonymously with time, but it's really a different thing. Bandwidth is the information-carrying capacity of the wires and channels that connect everyone in cyberspace
• Rule 5: Make yourself look good online


  In the virtual environment, you will be judged by the quality of your writing or the content that you post. Both worlds are filled with prying eyes, whether we like it or not, thus we need to be mindful of what we call our "virtual self". So, keep the following tips in mind: Always check for spelling and grammar errors, Verify the truth of what you are posting or sharing, Know what you're talking about and state it clearly, Be pleasant and polite
• Rule 6: Share expert knowledge


  The internet is a vast source of information from various credible sources, although credibility remains a concern. Nevertheless, it continues to grow as experts contribute knowledge that people consume. Netiquette warns of certain red flags, but sharing one's knowledge is not one of them. It's encouraged to share what you know by posting questions, sharing intelligent answers, resources, references, and insights on topics of expertise or recent discoveries. Contributing to the collective knowledge benefits everyone in the online community
• Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control


  "Flaming is what people do when they express a strongly held opinion without holding back any emotion". Flamers, from the name itself, add fuel to the flame – they provoke people whose opinions are different from theirs, these are the people who express their opinion in an aggressive or offensive manner usually resulting to "flame wars" where two or three people exchange angry posts between one another. Remember, do not feed the flames; extinguish them by guiding the discussion back to a more productive direction. Opinions are always welcomed to be voiced out but at the end of the day, parties may just agree to disagree and end a conversation in a decent way
• Rule 8: Respect other people's privacy

  Privacy is a human right. Much like how you do not want your phone opened just by anyone or your messages read by someone without your permission, other people value their privacy as well. That is someone you have to always remember