Network Interface Card Setting

• Network Interface Card - is a hardware component without which a computer cannot be connected over a network. It is a circuit board installed in a computer that provides a dedicated network connection to the computer. It is also called network interface controller, network adapter or LAN adapter.
• Internal Network Cards - In internal networks cards, motherboard has a slot for the network card where it can be inserted. It requires network cables to provide network access. Internal network cards are of two types. The first type uses Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) connection, while the second type uses Industry Standard Architecture (ISA).
• External Network Card - In desktops and laptops that do not have an internal NIC, external NICs are used. External network cards are of two types: Wireless and USB based. Wireless network card needs to be inserted into the motherboard, however no network cable is required to connect to the network. They are useful while traveling or accessing a wireless signal.
• USB NIC - These types of network cards help to make connection over device plugged in the USB port.
• Give The Five Classes of IP Address

  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
• Class A - Network ID: The first octet (8 bits) represents the network ID, and the remaining three octets (24 bits) represent the host ID.
• Class B - Network ID: The first two octets (16 bits) represent the network ID, and the remaining two octets (16 bits) represent the host ID.
• Class C - Network ID: The first three octets (24 bits) represent the network ID, and the last octet (8 bits) represents the host ID.
• Network Addressing - is one of the major responsibilities of the network layer. Network addresses are always logical, i.e., software-based addresses. A host is also known as end system that has one link to the network. The boundary between the host and link is known as an interface.
• Subnetting - A subnetwork or subnet is a logical subdivision of an IP network. The practice of dividing a network into two or more networks is called subnetting. This results in the logical division of an IP address into two fields: the network number or routing prefix and the rest field or host identifier.
• Class D - Range: 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 Purpose: Class _ addresses are reserved for multicast addresses. Multicast allows a single packet to be sent to multiple hosts simultaneously.
• Class E - Range: 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 Purpose: Class _ addresses are reserved for experimental purposes and are not used for general networking.