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• Environmental sustainability

  Sustainably manage the natural resources and take urgent action to climate change to support the needs of present and future generations
• Sustainable development

  Meeting the needs of the present population by achieving high standards of living for all, ensuring the ability for future generations to meet their own needs.
• Aims of sustainable development

  Economy, environment, society
• Case study on sustainable development

  UN Sustainable developments goals to achieve 2030 agenda for sustainable development. Achieve high standards of living and peace for future and current generations
• Environmental sustainability


  High population density
• Economical sustainability

  High population density -> support local businesses , keep transport and infrastructure cost low. Local businesses can sustain themselves -> sufficient demand for goods. Employment -> increase standard of living
• Social sustainability

  residents feel a sense of shared identity - > by shared community spaces promote regular social interactions. Facilitate regular interactions -> discuss issues and find solutions. Builds resilience , positive relationship between residents
• case study on social sustainability

  Resident's network RN promote neighbourliness and community cohesiveness amongst residents
• development

  refers to the economic, social and political process which results in an improvement of standard of living
• Indicators of development ( Economic indicator )

  Gross domestic product

  total value of all final goods and services produced by a country in a year by total population.
• Indicators of development ( Social indicator )

  Life expectancy

  refers to the average number of years a person born in a country is expected to live
• Indicators of development ( adult literacy rate )

  refers to the percentage of those aged 15 and above who an read and write short and simple statements on their everyday life.
• 4 rs

  reuse, reduce , recycle , recover
• ways environmental sustainability can be achieved

  Ample protection for nature

  having facilities that support waste minimisation and recycling

  energy and water efficient design approaches for building and infrastructure
• ample protection for nature

  wildlife should thrive in urban neighbourhood

  wildlife coexistence should be formed

  biodiversity is maximised
• ways to achieve variety of habitats

  Pocket parks and rooftops gardens with different types and species of plants planted instead of a large area of grass

  Provide adequate shelter and food for wider variety of species to thrive.
• Case study on helping wildlife thrive in the city

  44 nature ways connects areas of high biodiversity across the island.
• having facilities that support waste minimisation and recycling

  Conveniently located recycling bins -> encourage residents to recycle

  High population density = sufficient waste can be collected to be recycled in an economically viable manner

  recycling activities by town council -> banner and posters to encourage recycling
• Energy and water efficient design and approaches

  Cool paint for HDB -> reduce building temperature by 2 degrees Celsius

  Rainwater collection for block washing of void decks and corridors-> reduce water consumption
• Ecosystems 


  Consists of living communities and non living communities interacting with one another
• Biophilic designs 


  Increase people's connectivity to the natural environment
• Case study Bishan ang mo kio park


  Concrete canal transformed into naturalised river, allowing more organisms to thrive in that aquatic ecosystem
• Ecosystem services

  Provisioning, regulating , cultural , supporting
• Provisioning

  tangible resources that people can get from ecosystems such as food , water and wood.
• Regulating services

  benefits obtained from the regulation of various ecosystem processes such as climate regulation, disease outbreak regulation and flood regulation.
• Regulating services in Bishan ang mo kio park - Local climate

  Trees- provide shade ( lower surface and air temperature ) , generate rainfall , evapotranspiration
• regulating local air quality Bishan AMK park


  Trees remove air pollutants from atmosphere -> dust can be trapped within the tree and leaves.
• Regulating water flow Bishan AMK park


  Vegetation reducing surface runoff - increased infiltration, reduced surface runoff - > prevent soil erosion and replenish groundwater
• Cultural services 


  Intangible benefits people obtain from the ecosystem
• Supporting services


  refers to services that are necessary for the functioning of all other ecosystems services, including soil formation, pollination and photosynthesis
• How soil is formed

  Soil is formed when micro-organisms and physical processes decompose organic matter and break them down into smaller particles
• Soil


  Essential for the health of all terrestrial ecosystems as it provides a habitat for billions of organisms, contributing to biodiversity and acts as a water filter.
• Soil formation 


  Ensures that human activities such as agriculture can take place.
• Wild bees


  Crop pollination ensures that crops are able to reproduce to provide food for animals and humans
• Hazards


  process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, other health impacts, property damage, social and economic consequences.
• Hazards can be ...

  Neutral and manmade
• Fire hazards 


  occur in both residential and non-residential areas
• Causes of fire hazards

  Unattended cooking

  Faulty electrical appliance and wiring

  Flammable materials

  Personal mobility devices
• Real life fire


  Woodlands flat fire : 100 residents were evacuated , 3 taken to hospital
• Impacts of fire hazards

  health impact and property damage