21st FINAL EXAM

• ecstatic


  expresses delight
• melancholic


  expresses loneliness or emptiness
• satiric


  expresses dislike with something through sarcasm and irony
• exult


  to feel or show great happiness
• overarching


  including or influencing every part of something
• communal


  of or relating to a community
• deities


  beings exalted or revered as supremely good or powerful
• epic


  a long narrative poem in elevated style recounting the deeds of a legendary or historical hero
• stereotyping


  an often unfair or untrue belief that many people have about all people or things with a particular characteristic
• transmission


  the act or process by which something is spread or passed from one person or thing to another
• Elements of a poem

  • tone
  • form
  • figurative language
• Types of poetry

  • Narrative Poetry
  • Lyric Poetry
  • Dramatic Poetry
• Narrative Poetry


  • poems that tell a story
  • historically began as oral traditions
• Lyric Poetry


  • poems that are supposedly sung with musical accompaniment
• Dramatic Poetry


  • by usually performed onstage
  • can be sung or spoken
• Elements of Poetry

  • Persona
  • Form
  • Imagery
  • Sound Patterns
  • Rhyme
  • Figurative Language
  • Theme
• Persona


  a dramatic character who is the speaker in the poem
• Form


  Poetry is written in lines, and oftentimes the lines are divided into groups called stanzas
• Imagery


  the use of language that appeals to the five senses: visual (sight), auditory (hearing), gustatory (taste), tactile (touch), and olfactory (sense)
• Rhyme


  the repetition of similar or identical sounds at the end of poetic lines
• Rhyme scheme


  the pattern of the rhyme placed at the end of each line or stanza in a poem
• Types of Feet

  • Iambic
  • Trochaic
  • Anapestic
  • Dactylic
  • Spondaic
• Figurative Language


  words or phrases that are put together to help readers picture ordinary things in new ways
• Theme


  the central idea of a poem, usually stated as a philosophical truth in life
• Most literary works during the precolonial period were transmitted through oral tradition
• Philippine precolonial literature

  • Mythological Age
  • Heroic Age
  • Folktales
• Mythological Age


  • the period when our ancestors told stories about the creation of human beings and the world, natural phenomena, and deities and spirits
• Heroic Age


  • Ordinary mortals and cultural heroes became the chief subject matter in this period
• Epics


  • became a popular genre
  • chanted during important events in the community to inspire people
  • performed to remind the community of their ideals and values
• Folktales


  • traditional stories that had humans, animals, and even plants as characters
  • fictional tales that have been modified through successive retellings before they were finally recorded and written down
• Baybayin writing system


  derived from Kawi, a Javanese (Indonesian) script
• deities

  • varies differently in every regions of the philippines
• Onomatopoeia


  Using words that imitate the sound of what they refer to
• Alliteration


  Repetition of initial sounds
• Assonance


  Repetition of vowel sounds within neighboring words
• • rhythm includes foot and meter
• • meter - the measurement of syllables in a line. 
• • foot - equivalent to two or more stressed and/or unstressed syllables
• Iambic - 1 unstressed syllable and 1 stressed syllable. 
• Trochaic- 1 stressed syllable and 1 unstressed syllable