rebellion

• Duke of Buckingham


  Had Plantagenet blood, helped with the French campaign in 1513, attended the Field of the Cloth of Gold, few remaining peers with Plantagenet blood, close with extended family
• Henry only had a daughter at this time
• Buckingham didn't feel like his position was respected

  Henry 8th feared people who had rival claims to his throne
• As time went on

  Buckingham was inevitably pushed out of court and the centre of court
• Buckingham was alleged to have questioned Henry 8th's ability to produce an heir and speculated about Henry's mortality without a male heir
• Buckingham's arrest and execution


  1. Arrested on his way to court and taken to the Tower of London

  2. Accused of treason for listening to prophecies about the king's death and plotting to kill the king

  3. Executed by beheading on Tower Hill on 17 May 1521 at age 43
• Buckingham was posthumously attainted by act of parliament on 31 July 1523, disheriting most of his wealth from his children
• Amicable Grant Rebellion (1525)


  • Previous issues: 1513 raising funds for French and Scottish campaigns, Yorkshire was unhappy, tax written off in certain areas, easily squashed
  • Downturn in the economy, bad harvests and drop in real wages
  • Amicable grant (unparliamentary tax) issued by Wolsey for Henry's campaign against France
• Causes of the Amicable Grant Rebellion


  • Excessive taxation - England had already experienced a series of heavy taxes, the imposition of yet another tax, especially without the consent of parliament, exacerbated feelings of financial strain and resentments among the populace
  • Economic hardship - including rising prices, inflation and agricultural challenges, many commoners and smaller landowners struggled to make ends meet, the additional burden of the amicable grant further strained their resources
  • Royal extravagance - Henry 8th's lavish court and expensive wars, particularly his campaigns against France, required substantial financial resources
  • Resentment against Cardinal Wolsey - Wolsey played a key role in implementing the amicable grant and collecting the tax, Wolsey's growing influence and perceived arrogance made him a target of resentment among many English subjects who viewed him as an emblem of royal excess and exploitation
  • Perceived injustice and lack of constitution - the manner in which the amicable grant was imposed without the consent of parliament with little regard for the common people fuelled feelings of injustice and alienation, many resented the lack of consultation and perceived the tax as an arbitrary and unfair imposition by the monarchy
  • Regional discontent - the rebellion was particularly pronounced in regions such as Essex, Suffolk and Kent where resistance to royal authority and grievances over land tenure and enclosure, local grievances and local standing resentments contributed to the intensity of the rebellion in these areas
• Events of the Amicable Grant Rebellion


  1. Geographically widespread, especially in Essex and Suffolk

  2. Mainly cloth workers who were suffering a downturn and could not afford the tax

  3. 1000 people gathered at the Essex-Suffolk border and were resisting to pay tax

  4. Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk faced 4000 taxation resisters
• The dukes handled the resisters well

  By listening to their concerns
• Henry backed down


  Wolsey begged Henry to pardon those involved and treat the leaders of the rebels with leniency
• The Amicable Grant Rebellion revealed that Henry could not operate in defiance of the taxpaying classes and revealed his financial weakness by backing down
• To fund future campaigns, Henry would have to use money raised from the sale of monasteries
• Lincolnshire Rising


  • Autumn 1536 - Hot bed of rumors
  • People nervous about closure of small monasteries, collection of 1534 subsidy, clergy being examined
• Lincolnshire Rumors


  • New tax
  • Seizure of goods
  • Closure of parish churches
• Lincolnshire Rising


  1. Commissioner arrived in Louth

  2. Seized by men guarding the church and its treasure

  3. Church funds paid for a local force

  4. Marched to Lincoln

  5. Drew up a set of articles and sent them to London
• King threatened


  Either further rebellion which is treason, large royal army on the way up north, victory slim or Henry may consider demands if disperse peacefully
• Significance of those involved


  • Some gentry forced and threatened
  • Others argued that the rebels did nothing with the permission of the gentry
  • Clergy of monks involved provided support
  • Commons had a great deal to fear-lives changing rapidly. Local royalty
• Pilgrimage of Grace


  • All social groups and led by local gentry
  • Armies paid for by donations including from the church
  • Everyone took an oath
• Robert Aske


  • Leader of the rebellion
  • From a leading Yorkshire rebellion
  • Lawyer
  • Intelligence, argument organisational skills
  • Large force remained well disciplined and appeared to be an army rather than an uncontrollable rabble
  • He produced the name propaganda and the oath
• Lincolnshire Rising


  • Hot bed of rumours
  • People nervous about closure of small monasteries, collection of 1534 subsidy, clergy being examined
• Lincolnshire rumours included new tax, seizure of goods, closure of parish churches
• Lincolnshire Rising


  1. Commissioner arrived in Louth

  2. Seized by men guarding the church and its treasure

  3. Church funds paid for a local force

  4. Marched to Lincoln

  5. Drew up a set of articles and sent them to London
• King threatened severe consequences

  Either further rebellion which is treason, large royal army on the way up north, victory slim or Henry may consider demands if disperse peacefully
• Some gentry forced and threatened, others argued that the rebels did nothing with the permission of the gentry
• Clergy of monks involved provided support
• Commons had a great deal to fear - lives changing rapidly
• Pilgrimage of Grace

  • All social groups and led by local gentry
  • Armies paid for by donations including from the church
  • Everyone took an oath
• Phase 2 Waiting for the kings reply there was an amazing true rejected the demands to vague and what they clarification would pardon except the leaders would consider update a demands
• Events


  1. Henry instructed Norfolk to issue a general pardon

  2. Aske met with Norfolk and therefore forces at Doncaster to issue the Pontefract articles

  3. Norfolk promised they would be discussed in a parliament that would be called in the North

  4. Pardon was issued and Rebels began to despair

  5. Aske when to London and was received with Honor then return to the North and spoken good faith of Henry
• Pontefract articles


  • 24 articles of the Pontefract manifesto embraced many causes
  • Three were economic including an end to enclosure
  • Six were legal or administrative including a parliament to be held in the North
  • Six were political including the removal of Cromwell and Cramer and restoration of Mary to the line of succession
  • Nine will religious including restoration of paper authority
• Causes of the Pilgrimage of Grace


  • Religion
  • Economic
• Religion as a cause


  • Banner called the five wounds of Christ
  • Timing it was close by to the closure of small monasteries
  • Religious grievances at the head of the list of demands
  • Dislike abolition of holy days like saint wilFred
  • Taxes on baptism burial and Marriage
  • Gentry dislike
• Economic causes


  • Poverty in the North would have led to an uprising each year due to how bad it was
  • Disastrous harvest in 1535
  • 1534 subsidy
  • Enclosure