History Britain key dates

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Cards (58)

  • 1918

    changing political landscape:
    -under the Liberal coalition, with PM Lloyd George
    -representation of the people act
    -coupon election

    economic challenge:
    -post war boom = more money in london stock markets
    -wartime industry cant keep up with demand

    education:
    -education act changes school leaving age to 14

    society in transition -women:
    -1.25 mil women 'in service' as a maid or cleaner
  • 1919

    education:
    -unis are funded by the gov
    society in transition - women:
    -sex disqualification act

    leisure + travel:
    -first international air service

    race + immigration:
    -Limehouse sees four days of white riots
    -Liverpool white workers go on strike

    public health:
    -Ministry of health coordinates healthcare on a regional level
  • 1920

    economic challenge:
    -20% of pop are unemployed
    -cost of living rose by 25%
    -recession begins

    society in transition - women:
    -flapper girl movement

    leisure + travel:
    -22 mil per yr watch professional football

    race + immigration:
    -colour bar from the 1920-1930s
    -Aliens order act

    providing social welfare:
    -unemployment insurance act means national insurance covers 11 mil people. It creates a 'dole'

    challenge in the workplace:
    -no. of days lost to strikes falls by 10 mil
  • 1921

    economic challenge:
    -Geddes Axe. Geddes recommends £87 mil of cuts. Health and housing budgets are reduced by £20 mil

    society in transition - women:
    -Marie Stopes' first birth control clinic

    public health:
    -TB act makes provision of TB sanatoria by local authorities compulsory

    providing social welfare:
    -Unemployment rose and wages slumped

    challenge in the workplace:
    -miners strike after control over mines goes back to private industry
    -days lost to strikes grew to 54 mil
  • 1922

    Popular culture + entertainment:
    -bbc formed

    political landscape:
    -cash for honours
    -end of Liberal coalition
    -Tory gov, under Bonar Law
  • 1924

    changing political landscape:
    -End of Tory under Bonar Law
    -Labour 9 month government under Macdonald
    -Tory under Baldwin

    economic challenge:
    -1921-24 unemployment had declined
    -Churchill reintroduced brit to the gold standard
    education:

    leisure + travel:
    -imperial airways (merged british airways, has subsidies from government)

    changing living standards:
    subsidies from government)
  • 1925

    popular culture + entertainment:
    -only 5% films in cinemas are British

    leisure + travel:
    -1.5 working class have paid holidays

    race + immigration:
    -special restrictions act
  • 1926

    education:
    -Hadow committee

    challenge in the workplace:
    -General strike after mine owners cut pay
    -Strike fails, wages are cut + 30% of jobs are lost
  • 1927

    Challenge in the workplace:
    -Trade Disputes Act prevents sympathetic strikes

    Popular culture and entertainment:
    -Act passed saying at least 7% of films shown have to be British
  • 1928

    Society in transition - women:
    -representation of the people act = men and women enfranchised on same grounds
  • 1929

    changing political landscape:
    -end of Tory under Baldwin
    -Start of labour under Macdonald

    economic challenge:
    -unemployment rose to 5%

    public health:
    -Local Gov Act passes responsibility for healthcare to local authorities + reorganises healthcare on a regional basis

    challenge in the workplace:
    -union membership halved, due to the depression
  • 1930

    popular culture + entertainment:
    -18 mil cinema tickets sold per week
    -introduction of jazz + swing

    society in transition - women:
    -doctors allowed to give contraception advice to married couples

    leisure + travel:
    -small family car costs £135
    -Road traffic act gets rid of speed limit , but allows local councils to put in roundabouts to control traffic

    changing living standards:
    -in the 1930s, over 1 mil are unemployed - 1/3 are ex servicemen
  • 1931

    changing political landscape:
    -macdonald proposes reduction in unemployment benefit and 10% salary reduction for gov workers
    -abandon gold standard
    -Labour gov under Macdonald ends
    -national gov under Macdonald begins

    economic challenge:
    -rumors that giv is going to spend more than it can afford leads to an increase in borrowing, leading to the US banks selling the £. The £'s value slumps.
    -gov proposes 10% cuts in unemployment assistance (implimented in 32)

    education:
    -5.5 mil in elementary school, only 600,000 in secondary = only 20% kids go to secondary school

    society in transition - women:
    -number of women MPs peaks at 15

    race + immigration:
    -league of coloured people

    providing social welfare:
    -National economy act introduces a means test for benefits
  • 1932

    changing political landscape:
    -tarrifs of 10% tax on imports
    -3 mil unemployed

    economic challenge:
    -spending cuts and means testing for
  • 1933

    leisure + travel:
    -50,000 pay to see a golf tournament
  • 1934

    economic challenge:
    -special areas act

    leisure + travel:
    -mersey tunnel
    -New Road Traffic Act = speed limits and tests for driving licenses

    public health:
    providing social welfare:
    -unemployment act creates cuts in long term benefits
  • 1935

    changing political landscape:
    -End of Macdonald leading the Nat Gov
    -Nat gov under Baldwin

    race + immigration:
    -cardiff race riots
  • 1936

    changing political landscape:
    -Cable st Battle
    -Public order act

    economic challenge:
    -Hunger marches from Tyneside to london

    education:
    society in transition - women:
    leisure + travel:
    -BBC broadcasts football matches
    -First butlins in skegness

    public health:
    -infant mortality declined to 12/1000
  • 1937

    economic challenge:
    -from 32-37, incomes rose by 20% and unemployment halved. Industrial production rose by 50% and exports by 30%
    -from 34-37, economic growth was 4% per yr

    education:
    society in transition - women:
    -matrimonial causes act allows divorce if either party is unfaithful

    race + immigration:
    -National African Service Bureau
  • 1939

    economic challenge:
    -from 39-51 there is a managed economy
    -from 39-41, USA give economic help, with the lend-lease agreement and 'liberty ships'

    leisure + travel:
    -2 mil cars on the roads

    society in transition - class:
    public health:
    -maternal mortality rate is 50% higher in low income groups.
    -middle class men live 10 yrs longer than working class
    -Emergency medical service is founded to provide first aid during air raids

    providing social welfare:
    -first evacuation relocates 1.5 mil children, without catering for their needs
  • 1940

    changing political landscape:
    -Nat gov under baldwin ends
    -Tories under Churchill

    economic challenge:
    -churchill's gov controls war production
    -production levels are now decided by the gov=managed economy

    education:
    -only 13% working class children over 14 are still in school

    providing social welfare:
    -rationing begins

    challenge in the workplace:
    -gov bans strikes
  • 1942

    providing social welfare:
    -Beveridge report

    challenge in the workplace:
    -miners illegally strike. After other miners strike in solidarity, gov gives in and improves wages
  • 1943

    leisure + travel:
    -a football match has 55,000 watching
  • 1944

    education:
    -Butler education act creates the tripartite and makes state secondary school free

    changing living standards:
    -Housing act

    challenge in the workplace:
    -30% of civilians are involved in war work. Unemployment mostly disappears
    -from 39-44, there are over 500 strikes in south wales. 'bevin boys' strike for higher wages.
  • 1945

    popular culture + entertainment:
    -BBC creates the light programme

    changing political landscape:
    -End of Tory under churchill
    - start of labour under atlee
    -post war consensus

    economic challenge:
    -brit have a £4 bil war debt with the US
    -economy had contracted by 1/4, trade declined by 2/3
    -labour begins nationalisation, costing £2 bil

    education:
    -Percy report into uni education

    providing social welfare:
    -family allowances act gives 5 shillings child benefits per week
  • 1946

    education:
    -Barlow report on science in unis

    society in transition - women:
    -major employers remove requirement for women to leave work if married

    changing living standards:
    -New Towns Act

    public health:
    -NHS act

    providing social welfare:
    -National insurance act creates state pensions
    challenge in the workplace:
  • 1947

    challenge in the workplace:
    -Tory industrial charter shows support of unions
  • 1948

    economic challenge:
    -Marshall aid gives £2.2 bil to brit
    education:

    leisure + travel:
    -41 mil football match tickets sold

    race + immigration:
    -Windrush
    -British nationality act

    public health:
    -NHS recruits 54,000 female nurses
    -prescriptions dispensed doubles to 14 mil

    providing social welfare:
    -National assistance act offers welfare to those who don't work + therefore aren't covered by National insurance
  • 1949

    changing political landscape:
    -labour pass the Housing act

    challenge in the workplace:
    -union leaders sit on 60 gov committees
  • 1950

    popular culture + entertainment:
    -rock'n'roll comes to brit in the 50s/60s

    changing political landscape:
    -brit involved in korean war means more spending = charges for glasses and dentists

    society in transition - women:
    -national housewives register
  • 1951

    changing political landscape:
    -end of labour under atlee
    -start of tories under churchill

    economic challenge:
    -tories use stop-go economics

    leisure + travel:
    changing living standards:
    -festival of britain

    challenge in the workplace:
    -weekly earnings double for factory workers from 51-61
    -high employment and high trade union membership
  • 1953

    popular culture + entertainment:
    -coronation is broadcast to 8 mil live viewers
  • 1954

    popular culture + entertainment:
    -TV act
    -ITV is established

    education:
    -first comprehensive school built by labour LEAs

    economic change:
    -end of rationing
  • 1955

    changing political landscape:
    -End of Churchill
    -Eden becomes PM (still tory)
    -lowest unemployment rate in recent history under Eden

    popular culture + entertainment:
    -'Dam busters'
    -Teddy boy gangs
  • 1956

    changing political landscape:
    -Suez crisis under Eden
  • 1957

    changing political landscape:
    -Eden resigns
    -Macmillan now PM (still tory)

    changing living standards:
    -brit spends over £1 bil on consumer goods

    public health:
    -commission on mental health
  • 1958

    leisure + travel:
    -Preston bypass

    race + immigration:
    -Notting hill race riots
  • 1959

    changing living standards:
    -wages are 2x that of 1950

    education:
    -Crowther report

    public health:
    -Mental health act
  • 1960

    popular culture + entertainment:
    -'Ipcress file'

    society in transition - class:
    -satire boom
    -'beyond the fringe'
    -British new wave e.g. 'saturday night sunday morning'

    public health:
    -1960-70 spending on NHS increases by 4.5% per yr

    economic change:
    -over 90% of strikes were unnofficial
  • 1961

    popular culture + entertainment:
    'A taste of honey'

    society in transition - women:
    -contraceptive pill

    education:
    -robbins committee recommends giving uni places to all who can attend

    economic change:
    -gov refuses to devalue the £
    -gov borrows £700 mil from the IMF