Social Studies History Exam Unit 4 Part 1

• Louisiana Purchase (1803)


  President Jefferson authorized the purchase of 828,000 square miles of land for $15 million from France, doubling the size of our nation
• In deciding to purchase the Louisiana Territory, Jefferson

  Had to overcome the problem of contradicting his belief in a strict interpretation of the Constitution
• Elastic Clause and implied powers


  Used by Jefferson to make the Louisiana Purchase
• Reasons for the Louisiana Purchase

  • Wanted American control of New Orleans, which had a valuable port
  • Secured U.S. control/access of the Mississippi River (trade and travel)
  • Didn't want the French or Spanish getting the land
  • Farmers needed a water route to help ship their products to market
• Monroe Doctrine (1823)


  President James Monroe-made this foreign policy that intended to limit European influence in the Western Hemisphere
• Key points of the Monroe Doctrine

  • Warned Europe against any further colonization in Latin America
  • Resulted from the close geographic relationship between the U.S. and Latin America
  • U.S. foreign policy increased enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine during the late 19th and early 20th century
• Nationalism


  Intense pride for one's nation or culture
• War of 1812


  War between U.S. and Britain over trade in the Atlantic Ocean
• War Hawks


  Supported the War of 1812
• Causes of the War of 1812

  • British war-ships blockade American trade-ships from trading with other nations (Especially France)
  • Both Britain and France have taken over 1,000 American ships but Britain goes 2 steps further: Impressment- American ships forced to serve in the British navy
  • The British secretly help Native Americans fight American Expansion in the WEST
• Effects of the War of 1812


  • Increased American nationalism by connecting the loyalty of people to their values, traditions, and/or geographic region-Star Spangled Banner
  • Increased U.S. made manufacturing products
  • Economic growth
• Sectionalism


  Differing opinions in different parts of the country, and loyalty to that part rather than the country as a whole
• Missouri Compromise (1820)


  An effort to settle disputes over the spread of slavery to the western territories
• Details of the Missouri Compromise

  • In 1819, there were eleven slave states and eleven free (non slavery) states
  • The debate was whether new states admitted to the union would be free or slave states
  • Missouri applied to become a slave state. If Missouri became a state, there would be more slave states than free states. This meant the South would have control (more seats/representation) in the Senate
  • Maine applied to be a free state, so the compromise's result ended with the slave states and free states an equal number
• Jacksonian Democracy


  Appealed to the "Common Man"
• Key features of Jacksonian Democracy

  • Election of 1828 Jackson- voter participation increased due to the end of property requirements for voting by many states. White, male U.S. citizens no longer had to own property in order to vote which meant that lower class citizens who could not afford land, gained the opportunity to vote
  • National Bank- Vetoed a National Bank. Jackson claimed that the bank only benefited the elite and did it affect the larger portion of everyday citizens
  • Spoils System - Jackson fired close to 2,000 government workers and replaced their positions with his political party supporters. This type of corrupt system resulted in elected officials accepting bribes in return for favors and rewarding political supporters with government jobs
  • Kitchen Cabinet - Nickname given to his unofficial and unqualified advisors who reportedly met in the White House kitchen
• Indian Removal Act (1830)


  Forced Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi River to modern day Oklahoma (the trip became known as the Trail of Tears)
• Worcester v. Georgia- Supreme Court ruled in favor of Native Americans who were being forcefully removed from Georgia, but President Andrew Jackson did not enforce the ruling
• Manifest Destiny


  The idea that the United States is destined by God, people believed—to expand its spreading of democracy and capitalism across the entire North American continent
• Westward expansion refers to the time in the 1800s when the US territory spread from the original 13 states on the East Coast all the way to the Pacific Ocean
• Louisiana Purchase (1803)


  The acquisition of 828,000 square miles of land by the United States from France, doubling the size of the country and adding modern-day states such as Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, New Mexico, Texas, Louisiana, Wisconsin, and parts of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and Arizona.
• "British war-ships blockade American trade-ships"


  
  
• "Impressment"

  
  
• "Native American conflict"


  
  
• Increased American nationalism


  
  
• A stronger sense of American identity and patriotism due to the War of 1812
• Increased U.S. made manufacturing products


  
  
• Economic growth