NMR- H+

• what can be proton be used for?

  small samples
• what does a proton have?

  spin half nucleus
• H+

  • number of H+ environment
  • integration tells us how many protons are in the environment
  • how many protons are in the adjacent
• what happens when a H is bonded next to electronegative element?

  Become more deshielded
• 8.5 - 10

  aldehyde
• 4.5 -6.5

  alkene
• 6.5 - 8.5

  aromatic
• 3.0-4.5

  next to oxygen
• 0- 0.3 not next to oxygen
• why does c13 not undergo spin spin coupling?

  too low occurrence in nature (1%)
• what occurs in spin-spin coupling?

  adjacent H may strengthen the applied field, so deshields

  adjacent H may weaken the applied field, so shields

  leads to multiple peaks
• how does delocalisation lead to?

  actual structure is a superposition of all resonance structure