endocrine system

• major glands include:

  • Thyroid gland

  • Parathyroid gland

  • Gonads

  • Hypothalamus

  • Pituitary glands

  • Pancreas

  • Adrenal Glands

  • Pineal Gland
• Uses hormones secreted by endocrine glands to control body systems
• hypothalamus: located on the floor of the brain
• hypothalamus: Secretes hormones that control other glands
• thyroid gland: metabolism
• pineal gland: day/night cycle
• two parts to the adrenal gland: medulla and cortex
• two parts of pancreas: digestive and endocrine
• pancreas regulates blood glucose levels
• Circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels,and blood
• Cardiovascular system refers only to the heart and blood vessels
• Hematology —the study of blood
• adults have 4-6 liters of blood
• plasma: the matrix of blood
• the elements of blood are platelets, RBC, and WBC
• red blood cells are also known as erythrocytes
• Cell fragments from special cell in bone marrow are called platelets
• white blood cells are also known as leukocytes
• centrifuge blood to separate components is known as hemotocrit
• remaining fluid when blood clots and solids are removed in plasma is serum
• plasma proteins are formed by the liver
• production of blood, especially its formed elements is hemopoiesis
• Hemopoietic tissues produce blood cells
• Liver stops producing blood cells at birth
• specialized stem cells only producing one class of formed element of blood: colony-forming unit
• Myeloid hemopoiesis—blood formation in the bone marrow
• Lymphoid hemopoiesis is the blood formation in the lymphatic organs (beyond infancy this only involves lymphocytes)
• RBC count and hemoglobin concentration indicate amount of O2 blood can carry
• Muscular Pump is the heart
• Conduits to carry blood is the vessels
• liquid tissue is known as blood
• wide, superior portion of heart, large vessels attach here- base of the heart
• tapered inferior end, tilts to the left is the apex of the heart
• double-walled sac that encloses the heart is the pericardium
• Parietal pericardium—pericardial sac• Superficial fibrous layer of connective tissue• Deep, thin serous layer
• Visceral pericardium (epicardium): Serous membrane covering heart
• Pericardial cavity—space inside the pericardial sac filled with 5 to 30 mL of pericardial fluid
• Pericarditis—painful inflammation of the membranes
• Heart wall has three layers: epicardium, myocardium and endocardium
• Carries blood to lungs for gas exchange and back to heart: pulmonary circuit (right side of the heart)