Case studies

• Chile's GDP


  38
• Nepal's GDP


  109
• Chile HDI


  41
• Nepal HDI


  145
• Chile's earthquake date


  26th feb 2010
• Nepal's earthquake date


  25th April 2015
• Chile plates


  Nazca and South American
• What percentage of Bhaktapur City was destroyed (Nepal)

  80%
• What lead to avalanches in Nepal


  The earthquake caused avalanches in the Himalayas and destroyed Everest Base Camp
• Primary effects in Nepal

  •Electricity supplies were disrupted

  •Roads were destroyed

  •26 hospitals were destroyed & 50% of schools

  •Kathmandu airport closed

  •Teleju Temple collapsed

  •1.4 million people needed food, water, and shelter
• Nepal plates


  Indo-Australian and Eurasian
• Chile plate boundary


  Destructive
• Nepal plate boundary


  destructive
• Chile magnitude


  8.8
• Nepal magnitude


  7.8
• Chile immediate responses


  •International search and rescue teams and sniffer dogs responded quickly bringing short term aid with them, including water, blankets, food, medicines and establishing temporary hospitals, shelters and floating bridges

  •10,000 soldiers in the Chilean army were dispatched and devastated areas the day after the earthquake

  •Temporary repairs made to Route 5 within 24 hours

  •Appeal raised $60 million
• Homes destroyed in Nepal

  More than 600,000
• Homes destroyed in Chile

  220,000
• Chile primary effects


  •Floods

  •56 hospitals, 220,000 houses, 4,500 schools, 53 ports were destroyed

  •Lost power, water supplies and communications were lost

  •Airport damaged

  •Costed $30 billion
• Chile epicentre


  The epicentre was located 200 miles away from the earthquake
• How much money spent in chile afterwards

  $30 billion
• Nepal deaths and injuries

  9000 and 20,000
• Chile deaths and injuries

  500 and 12,000
• Chile secondary effects


  •The submarine earthquake triggered a tsunami which devastated several coastal towns in south-central Chile and damaged the port at Talcahuano

  
  

  •Tsunami warnings were issued in 53 countries and the wave caused minor damage in the San Diego area of California.

  
  

  •Fire at a chemical plant near Santiago

  
  

  •Coastal communities were devastated by the tsunami, 15,000km of roads were damaged mainly by landslides and remote communities were cut off for days.
• Chile long term responses


  •By June more than 50,000 provisional homes had been erected and housing subsidies had been disbursed to many who had been left without shelter

  •Chile's housing reconstruction plan aided nearly 200,000 households affected by the earthquake

  •Infrastructural repairs, including those to highways and airports, were largely complete by the end of 2011
• Nepal costs


  $5 billion
• Nepal secondary effects


  -Earthquake triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest Killing 21 people= April 25 2015 deadliest day on the mountain in history

  -Earthquake triggered avalanche in the Lang tang Valley, 250 people went missing

  -Thousands of houses were destroyed across districts of country, Villages flattened especially those near the epicentre due to the avalanche

  -Cholera epidemic

  -Landslides blocking Kali Gandaki River

  -3% were pushed into poverty

  - Tourism industry seriously damaged

  -police force collapsed in Haiti
• Nepal immediate responses


  -India, UK and China quickly provided search and rescue teams, water, medicines, food and shelter (225,000)

  -Helicopters delivered supplies to remote villages and rescued trapped climbers

  -Field hospitals established to cope with number of casualties

  -Medical support arrived from foreign countries & UK raised $126 million
• Nepal long term responses

  -Roads repaired, landslides cleared and damaged homes rebuilt.

  -Far stricter building codes for new housing plans

  -7000 schools needed to be rebuilt

  -Heritage sites reopened by July 15 to encourage tourists

  -Trekking routes in the Himalayas were established by August
• What factors could affect harm done in earthquakes

  Magnitude

  Country income and economy

  Population density

  Geology

  Time

  Focus & epicentre

  Preparation