History Medieval times

• Apprentice

  The first stage of becoming a master craftsman
• Black Death

  A disease spread by fleas on rats (also called the Bubonic Plague)
• Portcullis

  A heavy iron gate that was lowered to close the entrance to a castle during an attack
• Cathedral

  A large church in a diocese where the bishop says mass
• Pottage

  A thick soup made from oats and vegetables and eaten by peasants
• Common

  A shared area of land where villagers let their animals graze
• Serf

  An unfree peasant farmer who lived and worked on a medieval manor
• Fallow

  A field left empty for one year to allow it time to restore its nutrients
• Vassal

  A person who received land (a fief) from the king or a lord
• Feudal system


  A way of dividing power and land ownership. The king or lord gave land to his vassals in return for money, loyalty and service
• Friar

  A type of monk. They preferred to travel from place to place
• Guild


  An organisation of master craftsmen that ensures high standards are maintained within their particular trade
• Journeyman

  Someone who has completed their training as an apprentice and can obtain paid work with another master craftsman
• Keep

  The building inside the walls of a castle where the lord and lady lived
• Knight

  A professional soldier who fought on horseback
• Master craftsman


  A journeyman who has made a masterpiece and joined a guild
• Peasant men: Tunic, stockings
• Peasant woman: long gowns, wimple
• Ale was a popular drink.
• Medieval towns were built near castles, monasteries, and rivers.
• Craftsmen stages:

  1. Apprentice
  2. Journey man
  3. Master craftsmen
• Knight stages:

  1. Page
  2. Squire
  3. Knight
• Medieval manor: agricultural estate with a manor house.
• Serf: unfree peasant farmer who worked for a small piece of land, paid rent and taxes to the Lord and had to ask for permission to marry someone.
• Tithe: Church tax
• Freeman: same as serf except they could leave the manor whenever they wanted to and marry who they want.
• Bailiff: manges the lord's payments and rent, also the chief law officer.
• Entertainment in medieval times:

  Going to mass on Sundays

  Singing

  Dancing

  Played board games

  Wrestling

  Cockfights

  Children played with dolls and wooden swords.
• Motte and bailey castles were built to protect kings and lords when there was an attack.

  
• The lady had most of the duties around the manor.
• Medieval towns were developed as a result of trade activities, they had huge high walls and gates.

  
• There was curfew for all candles and fires.
• Every craftsmen was a part of a guild.
• The black death started in Asia, Sicily.
• Black death started in 1347 bought by sailors on ships, it was highly contagious and killed 1/3 of Europe's population.
• The black death came from rats carrying fleas.
• Flagellants: people who would whip themselves in public in hopes the plague would end because they thought the plague was a curse from god.
• Effects on people:

  Boils

  Blisters

  Fever

  Bleeding under skin

  Shaking uncontrollably