Plant transport

• Xylem


  Nonliving vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant to its leaves

  
• Phloem


  Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant

  
• Mass flow


  Movement of fluids through tubes so that it moves in the same direction all together

  
• Sucrose


  Sugar, plants convert glucose into sucrose for transport and storage.

  
• Amino acids


  Building blocks of proteins

  
• Hormones


  Chemical substances that control growth and development of living organisms
• Vascular bundle


  A strand of vascular tissues (both xylem and phloem) in a stem or leaf.

  
• Cambium cells


  Cells that produce new xylem and phloem

  
• Lignin


  A chemical that hardens the cell walls of plants

  
• Sieve tubes


  A column of phloem cells in a plant

  
• Sieve plates


  Porous end walls that allow fluid to flow between cells along the phloem (sieve tube)

  
• Pith of the stem


  Central area of the stem used for storage and support

  
• Cortex


  Storage area between cambium and epidermis.

  
• Epidermis


  An outer layer of cells that prevents water loss in plants

  
• Root hair


  Tiny branches from the primary and secondary roots that increases surface area for absorption of water & minerals.

  
• Root tip


  Tip of the root that can grow as the cells divide.
• Root cap


  A structure that covers the tip of a root, protecting the root from injury.

  
• Osmosis


  Diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal.

  
• Water potential


  Water moving from and area of high concentration of water to a low concentration of water
• Root hair cells


  Specialised cells with large surface area. Water enters these cells by osmosis and minerals by active transport

  
• Diffusion


  Movement of materials from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.

  
• Active transport


  The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy against a concentration difference

  
• Transpiration


  The process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves

  
• Wilting


  The process by which plants droop when they are short of water or too hot. This reduces further water loss and prevents cell damage.

  
• Turgid


  Plant cells are swollen because they have absorbed water

  
• Potometer


  An instrument used for measuring the rate of water uptake of a plant due to photosynthesis and transpiration.

  
• Adaptation


  A characteristic that improves an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
• Xerophytes


  A plant adapted to an arid (hot and dry) climate.

  
• Spiny leaves


  Thorny leaves that limit water loss on desert plants

  
• Hydrophytes


  Plants which grow in water

  
• Aquatic plants


  Plants, which grow in, live in, or live on the water

  
• Cuticle


  A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent water loss.

  
• Mesophytes


  Plants that do not have adaptations for reducing water loss

  
• Terrestrial plants


  Plants that live and grow on land.

  
• Translocation


  Transport of soluble substances in the phloem of plants.
• Pesticides


  Chemicals that kill crop-destroying organisms

  
• Contact pesticides


  A type of pesticide that kills the pests that they are sprayed onto.
• Systemic pesticides


  Pesticides that are sprayed on crops which absorb them and any insect feeding on crop will eat pesticide and die.

  
• Source


  The part of the plant where a substance begins its journey.
• Sink


  The part of the plant where a substance ends its journey.