part 1: origins

• how did the Cold War start? (B)

  Beliefs: US Capitalism vs USSR Communism
• how did the Cold War start? (A)

  Arms: US wanted fair peace and German recovery, USSR wanted Germany paying reperations and being punished.
• how did the Cold War start? (R)

  Resentment: US and UK helped whites in the civil war, USSR had signed a deal with Hitler.
• how did the Cold War start? (E)

  Events: neither side trusted the other, the cold war lead to a string of events.
• what is capitalism?

  where all factors of production (industry, business, and agriculture) are owned by private individuals or firms who run them for their own profit.
• what is communism?

  where all factors of production, (industry, business, and agriculture) are owned by the state for the good of everyone.
• what was the Red Scare?

  red is used to represent communism and the red scare describes a period in the US when they were very afraid of communism, this leads to extra policing of groups.
• what was the beginning of the American Policy of Containment?

  Britain could no longer afford to station troops in Greece and Turkey to prevent communism so Truman paid the British troops and gave financial aid to the 2 governments.
• when did Truman make his speech (Truman Doctrine)?

  12th March 1947
• what did Truman believe communism fluorished from?

  misery and want, if these issues were resolved they wouldn't have to turm to communism.
• what was George Marshall's role?

  Secretary of State
• why was Cominform set up?

  to coordinate the work of the communist parties in Europe.
• what happens at Cominform?

  Cominform regularly brought the leaders of each communist party to Moscow to be briefed by Stalin and his ministers.
• what is Arms Race?

  when 2 countries compete to build powerful and numerous weapons.
• By 1948, what were the only 2 countries in Eastern Europe not controlled by a communist government?

  Greece and Czechoslovakia
• how did the fact that the US had an atomic bomb start the cold war?

  USSR had the biggest army and most powerful country until USA's atomic bomb, this changed the balance and power, USSR were concerned, USA were confident.
• what is a satellite state?

  smaller countries that look to a bigger one for protection and trade.
• what is a coalition?

  a temporary audience of political parties made in order to form a government.
• when was Cominform set up?

  October 1947
• why were USA and USSR working together?

  they had Hitler as a common enemy, once he died, they had nothing in common and went back to being enemies.
• how did USA/USSR being scared of each other's beliefs start the cold war?

  different methods of running their countries and want to spread their beliefs (capitalist/communist) to other countries.
• how did the race to Berlin for Nazi scientists start the cold war?

  both USSR/USA wanted Nazi scientists as they were developing new technology like rockets. Having them would help the technology on their side.
• how did the death of FDR start the cold war?

  Rooselvelt was sympathetic to USSR and willing to work with Stalin but Truman hated communists and wasn't prepared to negotiate with Stalin.
• when was the Yalta Conference?

  February 1945
• who was at the Yalta Conference?

  Churchill (UK), Rooselvelt (USA), Stalin (USSR)
• when was the Potsdam Conference?

  July 1945
• who was at the Potsdam Conference?

  Attlee (UK), Truman (USA), Stalin (USSR)
• what was set up at the Potsdam Conference?

  The United Nations (UN)
• what was agreed on at the Potsdam Conference?

  • Germany would be divided into 4 zones
  • Allies would recieve reperations from Germany
  • Nazi party banned, leaders were tried as war criminals
  • Germans living in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary were sent home.
• what was disagreed on at Potsdam Conference?

  • USSR wanted to impose severe reperations to cripple Germany, Truman refused.
  • USSR wanted to share in the occupation of Japan once it was defeated, Truman refused.
  • UK and USA wanted a greater say in Eastern Europe, they didn't accept Stalin had the right to set up a pro-Soviet government in these countries, Stalin says this was agreed at Yalta.
• what was agreed on at Yalta?

  • Germany would be split into 4 zones
  • Berlin split into 4 zones
  • Countries were liberated from Germans, would be allowed to hold elections.
  • Hunt down and punish war criminals
  • UN set up to keep peace after the war
• what was disagreed on at Yalta?

  • UK/US didn't agree with Stalin's plans for Poland: moving the border into German territory.
  • UK/US were worried about communism spreading but needec Stalin's help to finish the war.
  • UK didn't defend USSR during civil war.
  • May 1945, Churchill ordered all German arms to be kept in case they need to be used against Russians.
• what was Stalin's opinion on the Marshall Plan?

  an attempt by the USA to gain greater influence in Europe and any country that accepted aid would be loyal to them.
• what is the first event identified that could've started the cold war?

  berlin blockade
• what happened in Czechoslovakia that made US congress agree to give countries money?

  communists took over the Czechoslovakian government, before they were a coalition government but communists purged anti-Soviet leaders in March 1948.
• what was Stalin's response to the Marshall Plan?

  he forbid Eastern European countries to apply for the Marshall Plan and set up his own organisations: comecon and cominform.
• what is comecon?

  the Soviet version of the Marshall Plan, it provided aid for communists countries.
• which Eastern European countries created a buffer zone between the USSR and the USA?

  Hungary and Czechoslovakia
• how many countries were given money as a part of the Marshall Plan?

  16 European countries
• how much money was given to countries as a part of the Marshall Plan?

  $17 billion