Physics paper 1

• What is a system in terms of energy?

  An object or group of objects
• Name the seven energy stores

  Kinetic, (internal) Thermal, Chemical, Gravitational Potential, Elastic Potential, Electrostatic and Magnetic [MICKEE G - to remember them]
• What is a closed system?

  Systems were neither matter nor energy can enter or leave. The net change in the total energy of a closed system is always zero.
• What does 'doing work' result in?

  A transfer of energy
• What is the unit of energy?


  Joule
• List the four ways energy can be transferred between stores?


  By mechanical work, by electrical work, by heating, by radiation
• What is the conservation of energy principle?

  Energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, but can never be created or destroyed
• What is energy dissipation?

  When energy is not transferred usefully but is wasted (often as thermal energy)
• What is the equation linking kinetic energy, mass and velocity


  0.5 x mass x (velocity squared)
• What are the units for velocity?

  Meters per second (m/s)
• What are the units for mass?

  Kilograms (kg)
• What is the equation linking elastic potential energy, the spring constant and extension?

  0.5 x spring constant x (extension squared)
• What are the units for the spring constant?

  Newtons per metre (N/m)
• What are the units for extension?

  Metres (m)
• What is the equation linking gravitational potential energy, mass, gravity and height?


  Mass x gravitational field strength x height [Ep=mgh]
• What are the units for gravitational field strength?


  Newtons per kg (N/kg)
• What are the units for height?

  Meters (m)
• What is conduction?


  The process by which vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles
• What is thermal conductivity?

  Are measure of how quickly energy is transferred through a material by conduction
• What is convection?


  Were energetic particles move away from a hotter to cooler regions
• What does the symbol ∆ mean?

  Change
• What is specific heat capacity of a substance?

  The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1° Celsius
• What are the units for specific heat capacity?


  Joules per kilogram per ° C (Jk/kg/°C)
• What is power?


  The rate at which energy is transferred or the rate at which work is done if
• What is the unit of power?

  Watts (W)
• What is the equation linking power, energy and time?


  Power = energy transferred/time [P=E/t]
• What is the equation linking power, work done and time?


  Power = work done/time [P=W/t]
• What are the units for work done?

  Joules (J)
• What happens to waste energy?

  It is dissipated
• How can we reduce unwanted energy transfers?

  Through lubrication, by installation
• Give four examples of insulation that can be used in the house?

  Cavity walls, loft insulation, double glazing, draught proofing
• What is the equation for working out efficiency using energy?

  Efficiency = useful output energy transfer/ total input energy transfer
• What is the equation for working out efficiency using power?

  Efficiency = useful power output / total power input
• What are the units for efficiency?

  There are none
• List the 11 energy resources on Earth

  Coal, gas, oil, nuclear fuel, biofuel, wind, hydroelectricity, geothermal, the tides, the sun and water waves
• Name the fossil fuels

  Coal, gas, oil
• What is a renewable energy source?

  One that is being (or can be) replenished as it is used
• List three uses of Energy Resources


  Transport, electricity generation and heating
• What is density?


  The amount of mass per unit volume
• What is the equation for density?

  Density = Mass/Volume [ρ=m/V]