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rocks and weathering
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Subdecks (4)
Weathering
rocks and weathering
10 cards
Tectonic Landforms
rocks and weathering
4 cards
Boundary movements
rocks and weathering
6 cards
Mass movements
rocks and weathering
5 cards
Cards (39)
hortonian flow
when
soils
infiltration capacity is exceeded by
precipitation
rate
rain
splash
rain
hits bare,
soil
surface, leading to detachment and so displacement of soil particles
sheet
wash
form of surface run-off critical in transportation of soil sediments
flow has enough force to detach and transport soil particles
rills
typically
narrow
and
shallow
but extensive in length
often
interconnect
forming network over
large slope area
signifies
beginning
of
erosion
often only a
few cm
deep
strategies
to modify slopes
netting
: metal, mesh nets catch rocks from falling onto roads, railways etc.
afforestation
: more interception, so less run-off and
erosion. reduced
infiltration = less mass. roots bound soil
grading
: reducing slope angle and reshaping slope surface to provide a more uniform topography
drainage
: reduce excess water
pinning
: increased strength so it can take more stress
increased
sheer
stress
removal of
lateral
support (undercutting /
slope
steepening)
removal of underlying support
slope
loading
lateral
pressure
transient
stresses
decreased shear strength
weathering
effects
changes in
pore-water
pressure
changes of
structure
organic
effects
volcanic
island arcs
chains of volcanic
islands
on the continental side of an ocean trench
subducting
plate heats up and
melts
deep
magma
formed rises to surface and meets
overriding
plate
material is added to
crust
,
building
volcanoes
if upper plate is
oceanic
, volcanoes pile up until they
poke through
surface - forming an island arc
slab pull
force that the sinking edge of the plate exerts on the rest of the plate
ridge
push
magma
intrusion
at
ocean
spreading ridges
which propels the
two
plates apart
hot
spot movement
lava plume through
mantel
responsible for
original crust rifting
outward flow fo
viscous magma
creates drag force on plates causing
movement
convection
theory
radioactive decay
in earth's core produces
heat
hot magma rises
in convection currents, cools at surface and sinks as
denser
human
activity which decreases slope stability
mining
tourism
e.g. skiing
construction : add
mass
to
slope
, increase slip likelihood. also cutting into slope creates slope too steep for stability
agriculture
vegetation :
deforestation
- no
roots
- material not bound together - compromised stability
water
: drainage routes disturbed - excess water - increased
mass
- will lead to slips
traffic vibrations - may trigger mass movements
footpath
trampling : intensified localised
erosion
slip
plane
junction between
two
layers along a
bedding line
or the joint between
two
rock types
See all 39 cards