Module 4

• Moral Agent


  A being who is capable of acting with reference to right and wrong.
• MORAL AGENTS


  Those agents expected to meet the demands of morality (choosing between good and evil).
• Kantian version of moral agent


  The agents should have the capacity to rise above their feelings and passions and act for the sake of the moral law.
• Characteristics of Moral Agent

  A person who has the ability to discern right from wrong and to be held accountable for his or her own actions.
• Culture


  An aggregate of the learned beliefs, attitudes, values, norms and customs of a society or group of people, shared by them and transmitted from generation to generation within that society.
• Culture can be viewed as


  "blessing" and a preserver of values, heritage, arts and good behavior.
• Types of Culture

  High Culture

  Cultural Diversity

  Subculture-culture

  Popular Culture

  Multiculturalism

  Global Culture
• High Culture


  is linked with the elite, upper class society, those families and individuals with an ascribed status

  position.
• Cultural Diversity


  Is a concept relating to culturally embedded differences within society, it's the fact that different cultures exist alongside each other.
• Subculture-culture


  Enjoyed by a small group within society In this sense it is a minority part of majority culture.
• Popular Culture


  It borrows the idea from high culture and popularizes it, making it available for the masses
• Multiculturalism


  It is depicted to be very similar to cultural diversity, other definitions align multiculturalism with different ethnic groups living alongside each other.
• Global Culture


  Is a key feature of globalization, they emerged due to patterns of migration, trends in international travel and the spread of the media, exposing people to the same images of the same dominant world companies.
• Importance of Culture

  Culture affects perceptions.

  Culture influences behavior.

  Culture shapes personalities.

  Culture shapes our value and belief systems,
• Eastern cultures


  Are seen to be more capable of understanding other point of view
• Western cultures


  Are found to be less capable of understanding someone else's perspective.
• Moral Behavior


  Are what one believes to be the right things to do in order to live cooperatively in

  groups.
• Role of Culture in Moral Behavior


  Shaping our moral behavior culture provides norms, customs, laws, and moral demands that are to be followed. It is like the oxygen we breathe. That influences the moral development of the human person since morality is just one of the cultural aspects.
• Culture Relativism


  Is the principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the viewpoint of that culture itself. (morality is culture dependent)
• Franz Boas in the early 20th century


  Cultural relativism is originating from the work of?
• Factors of cultural diversity

  GEOGRAPHY

  Climate

  Temperature

  Specific landscape

  Natural sources of survival
• ETHICAL RELATIVISM


  Is the theory that holds that morality is relative to the norms of one's culture.
• DESCRIPTIVE MORAL RELATIVISM


  Known as cultural relativism, says that moral standards are culturally defined, which is generally true.
• META-ETHICAL MORAL RELATIVISM


  States that there are no objective grounds for preferring the moral values of one culture over another.
• NORMATIVE MORAL RELATIVISM


  Is the idea that all societies should accept each other's differing moral values, given that there are no universal moral principles.
• Jeff Landauer and Joseph Rowlands


  Believed that Moral Relativism is an ethical judgment which claims that no ethical system is better than another.
• Ethical relativism denies the existence of one universal moral law.