2.2

• Sequence


  Statements are executed one after another.
• Selection


  The process of making a decision.
• Iteration


  When a program needs to repeat certain steps until told otherwise, or until a condition has been met.
• Integer


  Whole numbers
• Float


  Decimal numbers
• Character


  A single alphanumeric character
• String


  One or more alphanumeric characters
• Boolean


  True or False
• Integers and floats cannot be concatenated.
• Numbers held in strings cannot be subject to mathematical operations
• Convert a string to uppercase

  .upper()
• Convert a string to lowercase

  .lower()
• Count how many times a character appears in a string

  .count()
• Replace a character in a string

  .replace( , )
• Length of a string

  len()
• Open a file so that data can be read

  file = openRead()
• Open a file so that data can be written

  file = openWrite()
• Close a file


  file.close()
• Save a line in a file to a variable


  x = myFile.readLine()
• Write a line in a file


  file.writeLine()
• Return characters 2-4 from a string

  print([2:5])