psychology social influence essay plans

• Participants who refused to continue with the experiment reported feeling guilty about their actions and expressed concern for the well-being of the victim.
• Critics argue that the Milgram experiment lacked ecological validity as it did not accurately reflect real-life situations where obedience is required.
• Milgram's findings showed that most participants were willing to administer what they believed were dangerous levels of electric shock to another person at the request of an authority figure.
• Identification is a form of social influence where an individual adopts the beliefs or behaviors of a group to feel a sense of belonging or acceptance.
• Informational social influence happens when an individual looks to the group for guidance in ambiguous situations to make informed decisions.
• The Milgram experiment was conducted to investigate the extent to which people would obey authority figures, even if it meant harming others.
• Normative social influence occurs when an individual conforms to fit in with a group due to the fear of rejection or social disapproval.
• The Milgram obedience studies have been criticized for being unethical, as participants were deceived into believing they were administering electric shocks that could cause serious harm or death.
• Milgram's research has also been criticized for its lack of ecological validity, as it may not accurately reflect real-life situations where people are asked to obey authority figures.
• The Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) was conducted by Philip Zimbardo in 1971, involving 24 male students randomly assigned to play either guards or prisoners in a mock prison environment.
• Conformity occurs when individuals change their behavior, attitudes, or opinions to match those of others around them.
• Social norms are rules governing appropriate behavior within a particular society or culture.
• Normative social influence occurs when individuals conform to group norms, expectations, and values to avoid negative consequences such as rejection from the group.
• Social norms are rules governing behavior within a society or culture.
• Zimbardo's aim was to investigate how people would behave when placed into roles of authority and subordination.
• Normative social influence occurs when individuals conform to group norms, values, and expectations to avoid negative consequences such as rejection from the group.
• However, some argue that the findings from these experiments can be applied to everyday life, such as when we follow instructions given by doctors or police officers without questioning them.
• Social facilitation refers to the enhancement of performance on simple tasks due to the presence of others, while social inhibition describes the deterioration of performance on complex tasks due to the presence of others.
• After six days, the experiment had to be terminated due to psychological harm experienced by some participants.
• Conformity refers to changing one's attitudes or actions to match those of a majority group.
• Normative social influence refers to conforming to social expectations to avoid negative consequences such as rejection by the group.
• Asch (1956) found that conformity increased with the size of the unanimous group but decreased with the number of dissenters present.
• The mere presence effect suggests that people perform better on easy tasks but worse on difficult ones when other people are present.
• Social norms are rules about how we behave in different social contexts, such as not talking during a movie or removing hats indoors.
• Ecological validity


  The extent to which research findings reflect real-world situations and can be generalized to everyday life.
• Lack of ecological validity in the Milgram experiment

  The Milgram experiment did not accurately reflect real-life situations where obedience is required, as it was conducted in a laboratory setting, participants were aware they were taking part in a study, and the experimenter's instructions may have been perceived as coercive.
• Informational social influence


  A type of social influence that occurs when an individual looks to the group for guidance in ambiguous situations to make informed decisions