Characteristics of Living Organisms

• Seven fundamental actions of living organisms(MRS GREN)

  • Movement
  • Respiration
  • Sensitivity
  • Growth
  • Reproduction
  • Excretion
  • Nutrition
• Movement


  The ability of an organism to change its position, either the entire organism or just a part of it
• Respiration


  The process through which organisms convert food into energy, involving inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide
• Sensitivity


  The response of living organisms to stimuli, such as a plant bending towards sunlight or a human withdrawing from a hot stove
• Growth


  The process of producing more cells (in multi-cellular organisms) or increasing cell size
• Reproduction


  The process where organisms produce offspring, either sexually or asexually, to allow for the continuation of species
• Excretion


  The biological process where waste products are removed from an organism, such as the exhalation of carbon dioxide in humans and the removal of urea in urine
• Nutrition


  The intake of food and drink necessary for energy, growth, and repair, obtained through photosynthesis in plants and consuming other organisms in animals
• Cell structure


  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus (in eukaryotic cells)
• Five kingdoms of organisms

  • Monera (bacteria)
  • Protista (single-celled organisms with a nucleus)
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
  • Animalia