Patho Final

• Most common symptom of people with UTI is...

  URGENCY WITH URINATION
• Down syndrome

  Extra Chromosome on Chromosome 21
• Tay Sachs

  Build lipids in a baby's brain
• Innate vs Adaptive Immunity

  How the immune responses work
• What is S+Sx of Syphilis

  a highly dangerous disease appear as chancre sores within 3 weeks to 3 months.
• Long term complications of Diabetes include all of the following except

  low blood sugar
• Describe Cushing's Syndrome

  Prolonged exposure of the tissues to high levels of cortisol
• What is TIA - Transient Ischemic Attack

  Warning sign for stroke
• Embolic stroke

  Thrombus formed in heart breaks off and travels to brain lodging itself in brain vessel.
• Ventilation


  B r e a t h I n g in and out
• Perfusion


  Movement of blood from lungs (Pulmonary circulation)
• Diffusion


  gas exchange from the blood
• Stress incontinence


  Inability to retain urine so you end up peeing
• Urge incontinence


  Overreactive bladder - Urge to go bathroom but leak before go
• Overflow incontinence

  Unable to empty bladder causing dribbling
• Functional incontinence

  Mental, physical problems such as dementia or arthritis that prevents you from getting to the bathroom on time.
• Mixed incontinence


  2 types of incontinence
• Application Quest: Patient says he cannot put blanket over toes and has severe pain in toes. What does this indicate ?

  Gout
• What is GOUT?


  Group of disorders, high acid
• Treatment of GOUT


  Avoid purine foods, liver, kidney, anchovies
• Goals of inflammation -

  Remove damaged tissue and regenerate new tissue
• Patient presents with metaplasia in throat. Asks "Can this be reversed?" Nurse responds with:

  "yes it is reversible. Remove the aggravating factor"
• Main differences between Hypo and Hyperthyroidism


  Hypo: high TSH from pit and low Thyroid hormone from the thyroid. Hyper: low TSH from pit and high thyroid hormone from the thyroid
• What is the tertiary endocrine problem


  Hypothalamus
• What can lead to increased risk of falls/fractures


  Osteoporosis
• Application: What is the nurse prevention/intervention for a 6 yr old girl who had arm injury and cast. now it hurts even more


  Test the sensory/motor function for any signs of compartment syndrome.
• A person with bacterial meningitis, is oozing blood from a spot where they withdrew blood. Which of the following do you do last?

  Notify the health provider
• Delirium


  acute sudden confusion
• Dementia


  a slow progressive disease causing brain deterioration. Memory impairment and further impairment .
• Insulin


  produced pancreas, it helps bring sugar into the cell thus regulating blood sugar.
• Scleroderma


  Autoimmune disease of the skin - attacks the connective tissues
• Punnet []: Both parents are heterozygous. What is the percent that the child will have recessive ?

  25%
• Metabolic Syndrome ISSSSS (question is NOT so you wouldn't select these)

  1) Increased blood pressure 2) Increased fasting blood sugar 3) High triglyceride + LDL 4) Increased Waste circumference 5) Low HDL
• What causes Ulcerative Colitis

  
  

  Damage of epithelial folds in the mucous membranes
• Stages of Pressure ulcer


  Stage 1: Rednesses on Skin. 2:Partial thickness skin loss 3: Full thickness skin loss 4: Complete destruction
• Ways to prevent pressure Ulcers

  1.) Change position frequently 2) Ambulation
• Stages of Burns


  First Degree: Sunburn Second Degree: Involves the Epidermis and Dermis. Blisters and such Third Degree: Total burn,Muscle and bone are involved.
• Burn complication is a hyper metabolic response. What goes on to treat it?


  1) Increased O2 consumption, increased glucose use, protein and muscle wasting 2) Peaks 7-17 days after burn 3) Can lead to tissue breakdown which impairs wound healing
• With older people, what should you be worried about if you see a new 'mole' type mark on the skin.


  Melanoma
• Benign prostatic tumor.

  Hypertrophic/hyperplasia on the prostate for older men