DEMOGRAPHYY

• Demography: the study of human populations, including their sizes, compositions, distributions, densities, growth, and other characteristics, as well as causes and consequences of changes in these factors
• Carrying capacity: the maximum sustainable size of a resident population in a given ecosystem
• Fertility rate: the number of live births per 1000 women ages 15-44 or 15-49 years in a given year
• Emigration: process of leaving a country to take up permanent or semipermanent residence of another
• Immigration: process of entering one country to another
• Baby Boom: increase of fertilization rates and in the number of births in the US, Canada, Aussi, and NZLAND during 1947-1961.
• Doubling time: The time required for the population to double, given current rate of population growth.
• Life expectancy: The average number of years a person is expected to live. (if current mortality trends were to continue for the rest of life)
• Death rate: the number of deaths per 1000 population in a year
• Dependency ratio: The number of people in a population who are dependent on others for their support (15-65 or older)
• Total Fertility Rate: The average number of children a woman has during her lifetime.
• Growth Rate: number of people added or subtracted from a population in a year
• Birth rate: The number of live births per 1,000 people per year.
• Infant mortality rate: The number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1,000 live births.
• Median age: the age that divides two numerically equal groups; half are younger than this age and half are older
• Population density: The number of people per square kilometre of land. (how crowded)
• Natural increase: the surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths in a population in a given time period.