Cell biology

Created by

Eva Hunter

Cards (55)

What is in a plant cell?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts
What is in a animal cell?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
What is in a fungal cell?
Cytoplasm, ribosome, mitochondria, nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane
What is in a bacterial cell?
Cell wall, cell membrane, ribosome, plasmid. (No organelles)
What is the function of the cell wall? 
To give the cell a rigid structure
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Site of aerobic respiration
What is the function of the chloroplast?
Site of photosynthesis
What is the function of the Cell membrane? 
Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
What is the function of the Cytoplasm?
Site of many chemical reactions
What is the function of a vacuole?
Stores cell sap, helps control water balance
What is the function of the nucleus
Controls cell activities, contains DNA
what if the function of a ribosome
site of protein synthesis
what is the function of a plasmid 
ring of DNA that can be removed in genetic engineering
what is a plant cell wall made of
cellulose
what does the cell membrane consist of
phospholipids and proteins
the cell membrane is… 
selectively permeable
what is passive transport 
It occurs down the concentration gradient and doesn’t require energy
what is an example of passive transport 
diffusion and osmosis
what is diffusion 
Movement of molecules down the concentration gradient from high to low concentration
why is diffusion important  
it is the process which by useful molecules enter the body cells and waste products are removed
what is osmosis  
the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane, from a higher water concentration to a low water concentration.
in animal cells what is the result of osmosis
they can burst, or shrink
the plant cells what is the result of osmosis
they can become turgid of plasmolised
what is active transport
it requires energy to allow membrane proteins to move molecules and ions against the concentration gradient
What is the structure of DNA
Double stranded helix
what does dna do
carries the genetic information for making proteins
what are the 4 base pairs
adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
what are the base pairing rules 
a and t, c and g
what is the genetic code
the sequence of bases along a strand
what does the base sequence determine 
amino acid sequence in proteins
what is a gene 
a section of dna that codes for protein
what is mRNA  
messenger RNA, it carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA (nucleus) to the ribosome, where the protein is assembled
how are protein shapes and functions determined  
from the sequence of amino acids
what are the functions of proteins
structural, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, receptors (SHARE)
What is function of an enzyme
Act as biological catalysts and speed up chemical reactions, they are left unchanged in the process
the shape of an enzymes active site is …
complementary to its specific substrate
what is a degradation reaction
converts A substrate to productS
what is a synthesis reaction
converts substrateS to A product
Example of a degredation reaction
Amylase
Starch ———-> maltose (Sam)
Example of a synthesis reaction
phosphorylase
glucose-1-phosphate-------->starch (Gipps)