iGCSE Geography Case Studies

• An Overpopulated Country - Bangladesh 


  1128 people per square kilometre

  80% of the country is situated on the Ganges and is regularly flooded
• An underpopulated country - Australia 


  3 people per square kilometre

  Many natural resources such as gold and coal
• A country with high population growth - Kenya 


  3.9 births per woman

  <50% of births are attended by a medical practitioner
• A country with a low rate of natural population growth - Russia 


  Equal birth and death rates in 2016

  A life expectancy of 77 for women
• An international migration - USA to Mexico


  1 in 10 Mexicans live in the USA

  Mexico is used as a drug smuggling route to the USA
• A country with a high dependent population - The Gambia 


  95% of the population is Muslim, therefore often against contraceptives

  46% of the countries inhabitants are young dependents

  Government introduced a family planning campaign
• A densely population country/area - Northeast USA 


  Very fertile soil used for economic activity

  New York has a population of 19.6 million
• A sparsely populated area - Canada 


  Four people per square kilometre

  An average temperature of -20degrees in January
• Settlement and service provision in an area - Lozére 


  Income from farming and tourism

  Population decreased from 479 to 104 people by 1982, then increased to 174 in 2006
• An urban area - Seoul 


  2 million cars registered in Seoul

  87% of city sewed flowed into the local river
• A rapidly growing urban area with migration - Shanghai 


  From 2000 to 2016 the population nearly doubled

  8 tunnels, 4 bridges, and a MAGLEV train have been built
• An earthquake - Chile 


  500 deaths and 800,000 effected

  Fire at a local chemical plant
• A volcano - Montserrat's Soufriere Hill 


  Largest settlement of Plymouth was abandoned

  1/3 of the island was evacuated leading to overcrowding
• Opportunities, hazards, and management of a river - Nile Delta 


  flooding has lead to fertile land

  The Aswan Dam stores water to prevent flooding

  900km of levees between Aswan and Cairo
• Opportunities, hazards, and opportunities of an area of coastline - Palisadoes Peninsula 


  Storm surges have led to erosion of the areas natural dunes

  Rock revetment walls constructed for $65 million
• Equatorial Climate - Danum Valley Conservation Area 


  120 mammal and 340 bird species

  Rainforest Rehabilitation Project educated locals on importance of trees and helped with reforestation
• A hot Desert - Sonoran Desert 


  Surrounded by the Phoenix Mountains creating rain shadow

  32degrees North of the equator so has a high pressure system and little precipitation
• A Transnational Corporation - Tata Group 


  Has operations in over 100 countries

  60% of revenue comes from outside India (origin country)
• Farm/Agricultural system - Ganges Valley 


  Rice is the main crop (75% of diets)

  Intensive subsistence farming using padi fields
• Area suffering food shortages - South Sudan 


  Civil war has led to very few working/farming

  5 million people facing food shortages in 2016
• An industrial zone/factory - Bangalore 


  India's mot important area for aerospace, biotechnology, and ICT

  Most people there speak English making it ideal for TNC's
• An area where tourism is important - Jamacia 


  25% of local hotel workers are laid of in the tourist off season

  Contributes to 27.2% of GDP (including indirect economic activity)
• Energy supply - China 


  2.1% renewables used

  Government controlled reserves of oil to protect against fluctuating prices
• Water supply - Arizona 


  Water previously taken from aquifers

  25% of water lost to leakage and evaporation
• Area where economic development puts the local environment at risk - Argentina's Pampas 


  Changing from cattle to crop farming

  Ostriches, Pumas, and Wildcats are all now endangered