metals

Created by

Tiffany Cai

Cards (44)

do metals gain or lose electrons?
lose
do metals form positive or negative ions?
positive
describe the outer electrons of metals 
they are not attached to a particular atom and are free to move around. they are delocalised
what binds metal ions together?
the electrostatic attraction of positive metal ions for the delocalised electrons
what is electric current?
a flow of charged particles
why are metals able to conduct electricity? 
electrons can flow through them without chemical changes taking place
what is the reactivity series?
a list of metals in order of reactivity
what is the order of the elements in the reactivity series?
potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron, tin, lead, copper, mercury, silver, gold
which elements in the reactivity series react with oxygen? 
all but silver and gold
which elements in the reactivity series react with water?
potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium and magnesium
which elements in the reactivity series react with dilute acid?
potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, zinc, iron, tin, lead
certain metals in the reactivity series combine with oxygen to produce what? 
metal oxide
certain metals in the reactivity series combine with water to produce what? 
metal hydroxide + hydrogen
certain metals in the reactivity series combine with dilute acid to produce what?
salt + hydrogen
what is an oxidation reaction?
one in which electrons are lost or oxygen is gained
what is a reduction reaction?
one in which electrons are gained or oxygen is lost
what is a redox reaction?
reactions which involve both reduction and oxidation taking place at the same time
what do electrochemical cells do?
convert chemical energy into electrical energy
what do electrochemical cells consist of?
two different metals and an electrolyte to complete the circuit
what is an electrolyte?
a substance which completes the circuit by allowing ions to move through it
what is the electrochemical series?
a list of metals (and hydrogen) in order of their ability to lose electrons and form ions in solution
do metals higher up in the electrochemical series lose electrons quicker or slower?
quicker
describe the direction of electron flow for redox reactions occurring in electrochemical cells
electrons will flow from the metal higher in the electrochemical series to the metal lower down
do metal further apart in the electrochemical series produce larger or smaller voltages? 
larger
what does a half cell consist of?
a metal in contact with a solution of its ions
how do ions move between half cells?
using the ion-bridge
what is the role of the ion-bridge?
it completes the circuit
when can non-metals be used in half-cells?
if a graphite rod is used to make electrical contact with the solution
describe the direction of electron flow for redox reactions occurring in electrochemical cells which contain non-metal electrodes
the ion higher in the electrochemical series gives away electrons (ox) and the ion lower in the electrochemical series gains those electrons (red)
when can electricity be produced in half cells?
when two half cells are joined together
what is an ore?
a naturally occurring compound of a metal
what are most ores?
oxides
what were the first metals to be discovered?
gold, silver and copper
why were gold, silver and copper the first metals to be discovered?
they are found uncombined in the earth's crust
what does the extraction of gold, silver and copper not involve?
a chemical reaction
what type of reaction is the extraction of any metal?
reduction
how are metals below copper in the reactivity series extracted? 
using heat alone
what is the word equation for extraction of metals using heat?
metal oxide --> metal + oxygen
how are metals above mercury and aluminium in the reactivity series reduced to the metal?
heating with carbon or carbon monoxide
what is the word equation for extraction of metals using heat and carbon?
metal oxide + carbon --> metal + carbon dioxide