BIO - specialised cells

• sperm cells are specialised fro reproduction.
• their function is to fertilise an egg and get the make DNA to the female DNA.
• sperm cells have a long a tail and a streamlined head to help it swim to the egg quickly.
• sperm cells have a lot of mitochondria to provide the energy needed to swim.
• sperm cells carry enzymes in its head to digest through the egg's membrane.
• nerve cells are specialised fro rapid signalling.
• the function of nerve cells is carry electrical impulses from one part of the body to another.
• nerve cells are long (to cover more distance) and have branched connections at their ends to connect to other nerve cells and form a network throughout the body.
• muscle cells are specialised for contractions
• the function of muscle cells is to contract quickly to provide movement throughout the body.
• muscle cells are long so that they have space to contract.
• muscle cells contain lots of mitochondria to generate the energy needed fro contractions
• root hair cells are specialised for absorbing water and minerals from the soil
• root hair cells are cells on the surface of plant roots, which grow into long hairs that stick out into the soil
• root hair cells have a large surface area to increase the rate of absorbtion.
• phloem cells are specialised to transport food
• the function of phloem cells is to transport dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant for immediate use or storage.
• phloem cells are made of columns of elongated living cells with small pores in the end walls to allow cell sap to flow through - the transport goes in both directions.
• xylem cells are specialised to transport water.
• the function of xylem cells is to carry water and mineral ions from the roots to the stem and the leaves.
• xylem cells are made of dead cells - so that no water is absorbed by the xylem, and to allow efficient transport of water
• xylem cells are joined end to end with no walls between them and a hole down the middle
• xylem cells are strengthened by a material called lignin, which is made of cellulose