chem lab

• Solubility


  Ability of solid or gas to dissolve in a liquid
• Solvent


  Solution that does the dissolving
• Solute


  Substance being dissolved
• Miscible


  When two liquids mix completely
• Immiscible


  Liquids that do not mix completely
• Density


  Mass to volume ratio; less dense will float
• Weighing by difference technique


  Determining and recording the mass of an empty container and the container and chemical
• Tare feature


  Recalibrates balance to zero
• Meniscus


  Bottom of the meniscus shows volume
• Mass measurements are recorded to 2 digits past the decimal
• Volume measurements are recorded to 2 digits past the decimal
• Combination


  A+B=AB
• Decomposition


  ABC=AB+C
• Single displacement


  AC+B=A+BC
• Double displacement


  AC+BD=AD+BC
• Oxidation


  Loss of electrons
• Reduction


  Gain of electrons
• Actual yield/experimental yield


  Amount of product recovered in the experiment
• Theoretical yield


  The amount of product that could be produced from the limiting reagent if the reaction were 100% efficient; calculated from the limiting reagent
• Percent yield


  Ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield
• Limiting reagent


  Smaller number; completely used up in reaction
• Coordination compound


  Product formed in exp 4; chemical species that contains a metal ion surrounded by neutral molecules or anions
• Ligands


  Neutral molecules or anions
• If the filtrate is blue to blue violet, then NiCl2 6H20 is in excess
• If the filtrate is pink and is basic, then C2H8N2 is in excess
• Analyte


  Species of interest
• Titration


  Method to analyze how much analyte is present
• Titrant


  Species being added
• Acid base indicator


  Signals end of reaction
• Phenolphthalein


  Acid base indicator used in exp 5; colorless at acidic phs (beginning) and bright pink at basic phs (end); colorless when ph<8.4, pink when ph>10; ph range=8.4-10
• Neutralization reaction


  When an acid and base are combined
• Strong acid strong base neutralization reaction

  Produces a neutral ionic salt and water; ph=7
• Weak acid strong base neutralization reaction

  Produces an ionic salt containing a weak base and water; ph>7
• Concentration of the analyte can be determined using stoichiometry
• Nonelectrolyte


  Doesn't form ions when dissolved in water and does not conduct electricity
• Weak electrolyte


  Partially dissociates into ions when dissolved in water and conducts electricity weakly
• Strong electrolyte


  Completely dissociates to form many ions when dissolved in water and conducts electricity strongly
• Pure water is a nonelectrolyte
• Tap water is a weak electrolyte
• Conductivity

  Unit is microsiemens per centimeter