Biology topic 1

• What is a Eukaryotic cell?

  Genetic material is closed in a nucleus (Plant & animal cell)
• what is a Prokaryotic cell?

  genetic material that is not closed inside of a nucleus
• what is in a animal cell

  nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
• what is in a plant cell

  nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, vacuole, cell wall, ribosome, chloroplasts
• what is in both animal and plant cell?

  nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
• what is in only plant cell that are not in a animal cell

  vacuole, cell wall, chloroplasts
• what are prokaryotic cells (is it a plant cell, animal cell or ?)

  Bacteria
• whatb is the size difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

  prokaryotics are smaller
• what is the typical human cell size

  10 - 20 micrometres
• what is a size of a haemoglobin

  5 nanometre (nm)
• what is OFM?

  order of magnitude
• what is a order of magnitude?

  every OFM is 10x greater than the one before
• how many order of magnitude is 100x

  2 OFM
• What is a cytoplasm

  watery solution where chemical reactions take place
• what does a cell membrane do?

  controls what enters and leaves the cell
• what does the mitochondria do?

  where areobic respiration takes place
• what does the ribosomes do?

  sites of protein synthesis
• what can only be seen with a electron microscope and not a light microscope

  Ribosomes & Mitochondria
• what shape does a plant cell hold?

  it holds a regular shape
• what does a permenant vacole do?

  fluid of cell sap - gives plants its shape
• what does a cell wall do?

  made of celluose which strengthen the cell
• what does chloroplast do?

  contains chlorophyll which is the site of photosynethesis
• animal cells are mostly

  specialised
• what is specialisation

  adaptations which carry out their particular function
• what do scienctists call when a cell becomes specialised?

  Differentiation
• what happens during fertilisation?

  DNA of ovum & sperm cell combine
• structure of a sperm cell.

  acrosome, long tail, mitochondria, big nucleus
• what does an acrosome do

  contains enzymes (digests outer layers of egg cell
• what does the mitochondria do in the sperm cell?

  provides energy when swimming
• what does the long tail do?

  allows to swim to ovum streamlined to make it easier
• what is inside of a nerve cell

  axom, synapses, myelin, dendrite
• what does a dendrite do?

  increase surface area so they can connect easily
• what does Myelin do?

  insulates axom & speeds up nerve impulses
• what does an Axom do?

  carries electrical impulses
• what does a synapse do?

  junctions which allow to pass through impulses through nerve cell
• what does the muscle cell do?

  they can contact contains protein fibre which can change length, mitochondria (provides energy for muscle) , work together to create muscle tissue
• what does root hair do?

  increase surface area (absorb more water and dissolved minerals)does not contain chloroplast
• what are xylem?

  found in plant stem (forms long tubes)tubes carry out water & dissolved minerals from root to leaves thick walls containing lignin - provides support due to containing lignin, xylem cells start to die walls between cell broken down (dissolved minerals can flow easily)
• what is Phloem?

  carry dissolved sugars up and down the plant , only has limited cytoplasm, end wall have pores called sieve plates, vessel has companion cell connected by pores , mitochondria in companion cell (provides energy to phloem vessel cells)
• what is a stage (Microscope)

  where we place the microscope