IMID

• Staphylococcus aureus


  gram positive, non-motile, ferments Mannitol Yellow
• Bacillus Anthracis


  endospore forming bacteria, gram positive, facultative anerobes
• Capsule of Bacillus Anthracis

  made from Poly D and proteins
• endotoxin of Bacillus Anthracis

  anthrax toxin (AB)
• Anthrax toxin


  Protective antigen ( b subunit) edema factor ( increases cAMP) lethal factor cleaves MAPKK
• Clostridium tetani 


  obligate anaerobe, gram positive, spore forming, motile
• Clostridium tetani exotoxin


  Exotoxin tetanospasmin which causes tetanus by preventing GABA release causing contraction
• treatment of tetanus


  clean wounds, HTIG injection ( passive immunity) , antibiotics
• prevention of tetanus 


  tetanus vaccine - heat inactivated tetanospasmin
• Streptococcus Pyogenes (group A)

  encapsulated beta hemolytic gram positive
• Capsule of Streptococcus pyogenes

  hyaluronic acid binds to CD40
• Hemolysins In Streptococcus pyogenes

  Strept. O - oxygen liable antigenic. Strept. S ( not oxygen liable)
• Pyrogenic toxins in Streptococcus pyogenes


  Superantigen
• M protein Streptococcus pyogenes


  filamentous alpha helix that has anti-opionisation by inhibiting the alternative complement pathway
• Post-streptococcal complications


  ARF, Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
• Acute rheumatic fever ( ARF) 


  due to untreated pharyngitis, molecular mimicry of M protein in our tissues, Joint pain, heart issues, sydenham chorea, subcutaneous nodules, skin rash
• Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis 


  renal injury to immune complex
• Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough)

  gram negative, encapsulated obligate anaerobes
• Pertussis toxin ( AB)

  increases cAMP and targets innate immune response
• Adenylate cyclase toxin ( bordetella pertussis) 


  inhibits migration and activation of phagocytes
• tracheal cytotoxin ( bordetella pertussis) 


  impairs cillary function
• C. diphtheriae


  gram positive, club shaped rod, non motile, non spore forming
• Diphtheria Toxin ( C. diphtheriae)

  AB toxin , A transfers ADP ribose from NAD by cleaving EP2 to prevent it from functioning blocking protein production
• respiratory Disptheria


  caused by toxigenic stains denerating diphteria toxin causing inflammation, pseudomembrane, cervical lymphadentis
• treatment and prevention of respiratory diphtheria


  diphtheria antitoxin, abx, toxoid vaccine
• Orthomyxoviridae 


  enveloped neg ssRNA causes influenza
• antigenic shift


  concurrent infection allows mixture of 8 RNA segments causing pandemic influenza
• antigenic drift

  minor mutations in HA/NA genes causing seasonal influenza
• Hemagglutinin antigen ( flu) 


  attaches to sialic acid to initiate infection
• Neuraminidase antigen ( flu)

  destroys surface proteins that bind budding viron causing spread of infection
• treatment and prevention of influenza

  neuraminidase inhibitors
• innate immunity cells


  goblet cells, panneth cells
• goblet cells 


  secrete mucins to form physical barrier
• mucins


  stimulates barrier functions regulated by IL-1 Il-4 IL-6 and TNF
• paneth cells


  secrete alpha defensins lyszymes, phosphilapes for innate immunity
• Adaptive immunity cells


  peyer's patches, M cells, DC
• peyers patch


  lymphoid follicles form germinal center reaction and antigenic specifc t cells and IgA plasma producing cells
• M cells in adaptive immunity

  uptake and transport of antigens through transcytosis which delivers contents to peyers patches to be recognized by B cells
• lamina propria dendritic cells 


  sample antigens that got through barrier to present to T cells in MALT
• IgA humoral immunity


  produced at peyers patch to mediate humoral immunity