Cardio

• THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
• Heart


  Blood vessels
• The "blood-vascular" or Circulatory System
• Estimated 100,000 kilometers or 60,000 miles of blood vessels
• 30 times its own weight
• 5 liters (5.3 qt) to the lungs and the rest of the body
• 14,000 liters of blood per day
• 5,000,000 liters per year
• Cardiology


  Study of the heart
• Cardiologist


  Doctor who specialises in the heart
• Heart


  • Relatively small, roughly the same size as your closed fist
  • About 12 cm (5 in.) long, 9 cm (3.5 in.) wide at its broadest point, and 6 cm (2.5 in.) thick
  • Average mass of 250 g (8 oz) in adult females and 300 g (10 oz) in adult males
• Mediastinum


  An anatomical region that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column, from the first rib to the diaphragm, and between the lungs
• The heart is tilted to the left
• Apex


  Formed by the tip of the left ventricle, directed anteriorly, inferiorly, and to the left
• Base


  Opposite the apex and is its posterior aspect, formed by the atria of the heart, mostly the left atrium
• Functions of the heart

  • Generating blood pressure
  • Routing blood
  • Ensuring one way blood flow
  • Regulating blood supply
• Pericardium


  Tough, inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue that prevents overstretching of the heart, provides protection, and anchors the heart in the mediastinum
• Epicardium


  Thin, transparent outer layer of the heart wall composed of mesothelium, with a variable layer of delicate fibroelastic tissue and adipose tissue, contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and vessels that supply the myocardium
• Myocardium


  Responsible for the pumping action of the heart, composed of cardiac muscle tissue organised in bundles that swirl diagonally around the heart and generate the strong pumping actions
• Endocardium


  Thin layer of endothelium overlying a thin layer of connective tissue, provides a smooth lining for the chambers of the heart and covers the valves
• Chambers of the heart

  • Right atrium
  • Left atrium
  • Right ventricle
  • Left ventricle
• Superior vena cava


  Vein that carries blood to the right atrium
• Inferior vena cava


  Vein that carries blood to the right atrium
• Coronary sinus


  Vein that carries blood to the right atrium
• Tricuspid valve


  Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle, consists of three cusps or leaflets
• Interventricular septum


  Partition that separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle
• Pulmonary semilunar valve


  Valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
• Pulmonary trunk


  Artery that carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
• Pulmonary veins


  Veins that carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium
• Bicuspid valve


  Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle, has two cusps
• Aortic semilunar valve


  Valve between the left ventricle and ascending aorta
• Atrioventricular (AV) valves


  Tricuspid and bicuspid valves located between an atrium and a ventricle
• Semilunar (SL) valves


  Aortic and pulmonary valves made up of three crescent moon-shaped cusps
• Pulmonary circulation


  Moves blood between the heart and the lungs
• Systemic circulation


  Moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body
• Coronary circulation


  Circulation of blood in the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle (myocardium)
• Left coronary artery


  Passes inferior to the left auricle and divides into the anterior interventricular and circumflex branches
• Right coronary artery


  Supplies small branches (atrial branches) to the right atrium, the posterior interventricular branch, and the marginal branch
• Coronary sinus


  Collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the heart muscle (myocardium) and delivers it to the right atrium
• Veins that drain blood from the heart

  • Great cardiac vein
  • Middle cardiac vein
  • Small cardiac vein
  • Inferior veins of the left ventricle
  • Oblique vein of the left atrium